Ipeak battery yokucheba yinkqubo yokugcina amandla egcina umbane ngexesha eliphantsi-lemfuno kwaye iwukhuphe ngexesha leemfuno eziphezulu zokunciphisa usetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu kwigridi. Ezi zixokelelwano zebhetri zinceda amaziko orhwebo kunye nemizi-mveliso aphephe iindleko zemfuno ezibizayo, ezidla ngokuthatha i-30-70% yamatyala ewonke ombane. Ubuchwephesha busebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngeenkqubo zolawulo lwamandla ezikrelekrele ezibeka iliso kusetyenziso lwamandla okwenyani kwaye zisebenzise amandla agciniweyo ngokuchanekileyo xa imfuno yegridi kunye namazinga ombane afikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu.
Zisebenza njani Iinkqubo zebhetri zokuchetywa kwePeak
Umsebenzi osisiseko ugxile kugcino lwamandla obuchule kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha. Ngexesha lokungasebenzi{1}kweeyure eziphakamileyo{2}}ngobusuku okanye kusasa xa amazinga ombane ehla kunye noxinzelelo lwegridi kuncipha{3}}intlawulo yesixokelelwano sebhetri ukusuka kwigridi yombane okanye imithombo evuselelekayo efana neephaneli zesola. La mandla agciniweyo afumaneka ukuze asetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza xa ukusetyenziswa kusongela ukudlula imida emiselweyo.
Ufakelo lwale mihla lwebhetri lokutsheva lusebenzisa iinkqubo eziphucukileyo zolawulo lwamandla ezithi gqolo ukubeka iliso ekutsalweni kombane ngezithuba zemizuzu eli-15, ixesha lomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuhlawula. Xa inkqubo ibona ukusetyenziswa kusondela kumanqanaba aphezulu, itshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kumandla ebhetri, yongeza umbane wegridi ukugcina imfuno epheleleyo yeziko ingaphantsi kwemida ebalulekileyo. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngaphandle komthungo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni okanye ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri ilandelela iiparamitha ezininzi eziquka imeko yentlawulo, amazinga okukhupha, ubushushu, kunye neepateni zomthwalo oqikelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yembali. Uqikelelo oluphezulu lwe-algorithms xa amaxesha encopho ayakwenzeka kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zigcina intlawulo eyaneleyo yokuphatha i-spikes yemfuno elindelekileyo. Olu lwazi luqikelelwayo lwahlula iinkqubo zebhetri zokucheba kwizisombululo zamandla ezigciniweyo ezilula{2}zikhulisa iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunokuba zinike amandla kaxakeka.
I-Chemistry yeBattery kunye ne-System Architecture
Ufakelo lwebhetri lokutsheva oluphezulu lusebenzisa ikakhulu itekhnoloji ye-lithium-i-ion, ngakumbi i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) chemistry. Ezi bhetri zihambisa uxinano lwamandla 2-amaxesha ama-3 ngaphezulu kuneendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-asidi ekhokelela ngelixa zigcina umbane ozinzileyo kwi-80% yegophe lokukhupha. Le profayile yokukhutshwa kweflethi iqinisekisa umgangatho wamandla ongaguqukiyo njengoko izixhobo zitsalwa kugcino lweebhetri ngexesha lamaxesha aphakamileyo.
Inkqubo yebhetri yokucheba eqhelekileyo iquka izinto ezininzi ezisebenza ngolungelelwaniso. Ibhanki yebhetri ngokwayo ineeseli ezininzi eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho kunye nolungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo ukufezekisa amandla ombane afunekayo kunye neenkcukacha zomthamo. Iisistim zoguqulo lwamandla ziguqula imveliso yebhetri yeDC ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zoncedo, nokuba yi-48V DC yezixhobo zonxibelelwano okanye amandla ombane aphezulu osetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso. Ii-inverters zibamba ukuhamba kwamandla e-bidirectional, okwenza zombini ukutshaja ukusuka kwigridi kunye nokukhupha kwimithwalo yesibonelelo.
Ulawulo lobushushu lubaluleka njengoko ezi nkqubo zijikeleza yonke imihla. Ufakelo lwangoku lubandakanya nokuba ngaba ukupholisa okungephiyo ngokuqukuqela komoya okuphuculweyo okanye iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo ezigcina iibhetri ngaphakathi kowona mazinga obushushu obungama-20-25 degrees. Rhoqo nge-10 degrees yobushushu bonyuka ngaphezu kolu luhlu malunga nokuphinda kabini izinga lokuguga kwebhetri, nto leyo eyenza ulawulo lobushushu lube yimfuneko ekwandiseni ubomi benkqubo kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali.
Incopho yokucheba kuNxibelelana nokuShifta koMthwalo
Itekhnoloji yokucheba ibhetri ngokusisiseko yahluka kwiindlela zokutshintsha umthwalo, nangona zombini zijolise ekunciphiseni iindleko zombane. Ukutsheva okucothayo kunciphisa ukonyuka kwemfuno ngokwenyani ngokuzisa eminye imithombo yamandla ngamaxesha abalulekileyo. Imisebenzi iqhubeleka ngesiqhelo ngaphandle kotshintsho lweshedyuli{2}}ibhetri ibonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo xa imfuno yegridi inokunyuka. Oku kwenza ukuba iisistim zebhetri zokutsheva zilungele izibonelelo ezinomsebenzi ongenakuguquguquka ongenako ukucwangcisa kwakhona amandla{4}}iinkqubo ezinzulu.
Ukususwa komthwalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuhambisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukusuka kwi{0}}ixabiso eliphezulu leeyure ukuya kwixabiso eliphantsi-kumaxabiso aphantsi{2}}amaxesha okusebenza ngokuhlenga-hlengisa imisebenzi. Indawo yokuvelisa inokusebenzisa oomatshini abanzima ngexesha lasebusuku ukuze isebenze kumaxabiso aphantsi ombane. Le ndlela ifuna ukuguquguquka kokusebenza amashishini amaninzi asweleyo. Izibhedlele, amaziko edatha, kunye nemisebenzi eqhubekayo yokuvelisa ayinakusuka ngokulula itshintshe ukusebenzisa kwabo amandla ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni unikezelo lwenkonzo.
Iimpembelelo zemali zahluka kakhulu. Incochoyi yokusheva ufakelo lofakelo lwedilesi yeentlawulo ezifunwayo{1}}imirhumo esekwe kowona mzuzu uphezulu wemizuzu eyi-15 yokusetyenziswa kokuphumla ngexesha lomjikelo wokuhlawula. I-spike enye yemizuzu engama-30 inokuqhuba imirhumo yegridi yonyaka inyuke ngamawaka eedola. Ukutshintsha komthwalo kujoliswe kwiintlawulo zamandla ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso lulonke, oluhlala lubonisa inxalenye encinci yamatyala ombane orhwebo. Kumaziko ajongene neentlawulo zemfuno ephezulu kunye nokusebenza okungaguqukiyo, itekhnoloji yokucheba ibhetri inikezela nge-ROI engcono kakhulu.
Izibonelelo zemali kunye neMbuyiselo kutyalo-mali
Imeko yoqoqosho yokutsheva okuphezulu kweenkqubo zebhetri kumaziko ekuthinteleni intlawulo yemfuno. Izibonelelo zorhwebo nezoshishino zidla ngokuhlawula iintlawulo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zombane: iindleko zokusetyenziswa kweeyure zizonke zekilowatt- ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye neendleko zemfuno zemfuno ephezulu yekilowatt. Ngelixa iintlawulo zokusetyenziswa zihlala zizinzile, iintlawulo zemfuno zinokuguquguquka kakhulu ngokusekwe kusetyenziso lwexeshana.
Qwalasela -ubungakanani beziko lemveliso elinomthamo wesiseko ongaguqukiyo we-500 kW othi ngamanye amaxesha unyuke ukuya kuma-750 kW ixesha elifutshane. Ukuba usetyenziso lubiza i-$50 ngekilowatt nganye yemfuno yencopho ngonyaka, loo 250 kW spike ixabisa i-$12,500 eyongezelelweyo ngonyaka{8}nje ngomthamo wegridi, ngokwahlukileyo kusetyenziso lombane lokwenene. Inkqubo yebhetri yokucheba enobukhulu obufanelekileyo eyehlisa imfuno ephezulu ngama-200 kW yonga i-10,000 yeedola ngonyaka kwimirhumo yegridi kuphela.
Idatha yoshishino ibonisa ukuba ufakelo lwebhetri lokucheba kwincopho yorhwebo lukholisa ukufumana imbuyekezo ngaphakathi kwe-3{10}}iminyaka emi-5, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe nenkuthazo ekhoyo. Imakethi ye-US Battery Energy Storage System, exabisa i-2.13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024, kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-7.02 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2029, ebonisa isantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-26.8%. Oku kukhula ngokukhawuleza kubangelwa ikakhulu kuqoqosho oluphuculweyo njengoko amaxabiso ebhetri ye-lithium-ion ehle malunga nama-20% ngonyaka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Olona gcino luyohluka ngokusekwe kwizinto ezininzi: ubume bezinga lokusetyenziswa, ukuguquguquka kweprofayile yomthwalo, kunye nobungakanani benkqubo yebhetri. Amaziko anemithwalo eguquguqukayo kakhulu abona imbuyekezo enkulu njengoko iisistim zebhetri zokucheba zinikezela ngexabiso eliphezulu xa uguquko lwemfuno luchazwa. Uphononongo lwabasebenzisi borhwebo abangama-40 lufumanise ukuba iisistim zebhetri ezinomthamo olingana namaxesha ali-10 athetha ukuba amandla anokunciphisa imfuno ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-44%, nto leyo eguqulela ukonga obuninzi obuqhubekayo kwiminyaka eyi-10-15 yokusebenza kwenkqubo.
Ukudityaniswa neeNkqubo zaMandla aVuselelekayo
Itekhnoloji yokucheba ibhetri iphumeze umsebenzi ogqwesileyo xa idityaniswe{0} nesiza esinokuvuselelwa ukuveliswa, ngakumbi iinkqubo zesolar photovoltaic. Le ndibaniselwano ijongana nomngeni ongundoqo: ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kuye kwafikelela incopho yeeyure zasemini xa imfuno yombane yayiphezulu ngokwembali, kodwa utshintsho oluya kwizithuthi zombane kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunyuse imfuneko yasemva kwemini nasemva kwemini nangokuhlwa{2}}kanye xa amandla elanga ehla.
Inkqubo edibeneyo isebenza ngeendlela ezininzi imini yonke. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kombane welanga, amandla agqithisileyo atshaja isixokelelwano sebhetri ngeli lixa ekwabonelela ngomthwalo woncedo. Njengoko imveliso yelanga iyancipha emva kwemini kodwa imfuno yoncedo ihlala iphezulu okanye inyuka, ibhetri yokucheba ikhupha amandla ayo agciniweyo elanga ukongeza amandla egridi. Oku kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo isizukulwana esivuselelekayo phambili ngexesha ukuze sihambelane namaxesha emfuno encopho, kunyusa zombini ixabiso lelanga kunye nogcino lwentlawulo yemfuno.
Izakhiwo zorhwebo ezidibanisa iinkqubo zesolar photovoltaic kunye nencopho yokutsheva ibhetri yokugcina ingxelo amandla acuthelwe ngama-60-80% xa kuthelekiswa negridi{4}}kuphela kweemeko. Ibhetri yandisa izibonelelo zelanga ngaphaya kweeyure zemini ngelixa ibonelela ngesakhono sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza esifunekayo ekuchebeni okuphezulu. Ngethuba lokuphuma kwegridi, inkqubo edibeneyo inokuthi isiqithi imithwalo ebalulekileyo, igcine imisebenzi ngokuphazamiseka okwandisiweyo-inzuzo yesibini eyandisa ixabiso lenkqubo ngokubanzi.
Iiprojekthi zeLebhu yeSizwe yaMandla aHlaziywayo apho ugcino lwebhetri luya kuba yimfuneko ekudityanisweni kwamandla ahlaziyekayo njengoko imithombo yokuvelisa ngamaxesha athile ibandakanya iinxalenye ezinkulu zobonelelo ngeegridi. Iinkqubo zebhetri zokutsheva ezikwincopho ezibekwe kwiindawo zabathengi zixhasa olu tshintsho ngokugcina amandla ahlaziyekayo agqithisileyo xa imveliso igqithile kwimfuno yasekhaya kwaye isetyenziswe ngamaxesha okusetyenziswa kakhulu, ukunciphisa ubunzima kwiziseko ezingundoqo zothumelo.
Usetyenziso KumaCandelo Oshishino
Izixhobo zokwenza izinto zibonisa abona bantu bamkela itekhnoloji yokucheba ibhetri ephezulu ngenxa yeendlela zabo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla eziguquguqukayo. Iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nokwenziwa kwesinyithi, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuveliswa kokutya kubandakanya izixhobo ezitsala amandla amakhulu ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nomjikelo onzima wokusebenza. Umgca omnye wemveliso onika amandla unokwenza ii-spikes zemfuno ezingamakhulu aliqela eekilowathi ezihlala 15-30 imizuzu-mfutshane ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba ukumisa ukusebenza kubonakala kungenzeki, kodwa ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuvusa intlawulo yemfuno yonyaka.
Izakhiwo zorhwebo ezineenkqubo ezinkulu zeHVAC zijongene nemingeni efanayo. Imithwalo yokupholisa umoya kwizakhiwo zeofisi, iindawo zokuthenga, kunye neehotele zihamba ngexesha leemvakwemini ezishushu, kanye xa igridi ifuna iincopho kunye namazinga ombane afikelela phezulu. Ufakelo lwebhetri lokutsheva kakhulu kwezi zixhobo luqala ukusuka kwi-100kWh ukuya kuma-500 kWh amandla anamandla angama-50kW ukuya kuma-200 kW, anele ukutsheva iispikes ezinkulu zemfuno ngaphandle kokufuna ufakelo olukhulu ngokungenakufezekiswa.
Amaziko eenkcukacha azuza ngakumbi kubuchwephesha bokucheba ibhetri njengoko sele egcine umthamo omkhulu webhetri ukulungiselela unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo. Kabini-amacebo okusebenzisa avumela ezi bhetri ukuba zisebenze zombini ugcino lwe-UPS kunye nencopho yokutsheva imisebenzi ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukuthembeka. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amaziko edatha adlula i-90% yomthamo wawo wamandla ngaphantsi kwe-1% yexesha, eshiya iibhetri zifumaneka kwi-peak shaving ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngelixa ehlala elungele indima ephambili yokugcina.
Izibonelelo zempilo ziye zavela njengenye indawo ebalulekileyo yesicelo. Izibhedlele zifuna ukusebenza kwe-24/7 ngokunyamezelwa kwe-zero kukuphazamiseka kwamandla, okwenza ukutshintshwa komthwalo osebenzayo akunakwenzeka. Iinkqubo zebhetri zokutsheva zivumela ezi zixhobo zinciphise iindleko zemfuno ngelixa ngaxeshanye ziphucula ukomelela kwamandla. Umthamo webhetri usebenza kathathu: imfuno yokucheba iphezulu ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukunika amandla okugcina ngexesha lokucima, kunye nokuxhasa imithwalo ebalulekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka.
Iingqwalasela zokuPhunyezwa kunye nobungakanani beNkqubo
Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo benkqubo yokucheba ibhetri bufuna uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweeprofayile zomthwalo woncedo kunye nolwakhiwo lomgangatho woncedo. Iinkqubo ezingaphantsi komgangatho ziyasilela ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa imfuno ephezulu, ukunciphisa i-ROI. Iinkqubo ezinkulu kakhulu zibandakanya iindleko ezinkulu ezigqithisileyo ezandisa ixesha lokuhlawula ngokungeyomfuneko. Elona xabiso lifanelekileyo lilinganisa utyalo-mali lokuqala ngokuchasene nogcino lwentlawulo yemfuno eqhubekayo.
Uhlalutyo lweprofayili yomthwalo luqala ngokuqokelela ubuncinane kwiinyanga ze-12 zedatha yexesha elibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-15-minute increments. Oku kuveza iipateni zemfuno, ichonge ukuba kuqheleke kangakanani ukwenzeka iincopho, kwaye kulinganise ubungakanani beemfuno zespikes. Amaziko anesiseko esingaguqukiyo somthwalo ophawulwe ziincopho ezibukhali ngamaxesha athile afumana imbuyekezo engcono ukusuka kwiinkqubo zebhetri zokutsheva kakhulu kunezibonelelo ezineepateni zokusebenzisa kakubi kakhulu.
Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo somgangatho oluncedo lumisela iintlawulo ezithile inkqubo yebhetri yokucheba eyakunqanda. Ezinye izinto zivavanya iintlawulo ezibangwayo ngokusekwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu lemizuzu eli-15-kwisithuba sexesha lokuhlawulwa kwenyanga. Abanye basebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi ezibandakanya ukwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka okanye iintlawulo zencopho ezidityanisiweyo ezisekwe kwimfuno yoncedo ngexesha leencopho zegridi ebanzi. Ukuqonda ezi zakhiwo zesantya kubumba izigqibo zobungakanani kunye nobuchule bokusebenza.
Iimfuno zomthamo webhetri zilandela kolu hlahlelo. Isixhobo esifumana i-200 kW imfuneko yespike esithatha iiyure ezi-2 sidinga malunga nama-400 kWh omthamo webhetri osebenzisekayo ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo incopho. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri akufuneki zikhuphe ngaphantsi kwe-20% yemeko yentlawulo ukugcina ubomi obude, ngoko ke umthamo ofakelweyo unokufuna ukufikelela kuma-500 kWh. Imilinganiselo yamandla kufuneka idlule kwiimfuno zokucheba okuphezulu nge-10-20% ukuhlawula ilahleko yokuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa isantya sokuphendula esaneleyo.
UkuSebenza kweNkqubo kunye neeMetrikhi zokuSebenza
Iisistim zebhetri zokucheba kakhulu zizisa ukusebenza okunokulinganiswa ngeemetrikhi ezininzi eziphambili. Ipesenteji yokunciphisa umthwalo oyincopho ibonisa ukuba inkqubo yehla kangakanani na imfuno ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa nosetyenziso olusisiseko. Ufakelo oluyimpumelelo ngokuqhelekileyo lufikelela kwi-15-25% yokunciphisa incopho, kunye neenkqubo eziphambili ezifikelela kwi-40% okanye ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeprofayili yomthwalo kunye nobukhulu bebhetri.
Ukujikeleza-ubuchule bohambo bulinganisa ilahleko yamandla ngexesha lokuhlawula{1}}umjikelo wokukhupha. I-lithium yanamhlanje-ienkqubo zebhetri zokucheba i-ion zifikelela kuma-92-}95% ukusebenza kakuhle, okuthetha ukuba i-5-8% yamandla agciniweyo ayachithwa njengobushushu ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisekile. Ngelixa eli nqanaba lobuchule lidlula ezinye iindlela ezifana neebhetri ze-lead-acid (80-85%), ihlala ibalulekile kubalo lwezoqoqosho kuba izibonelelo zihlawula ngokufanelekileyo ilahleko yombane ngexesha lesigaba sokutshaja.
Ubomi bomjikelo bumisela ukuba zingaphi iintlawulo-zemijikelo yokukhupha ibhetri enokunyamezela phambi kokuba umthamo wehliswe ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba aluncedo. Iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate ezisetyenziswa kwincochoyi yokutsheva izicelo zikholisa ukuzisa 3,000-6,000 imijikelo xa zisetyenziswa kwiparameters ezicetyiswayo. Ngokuhamba ngebhayisikile yemihla ngemihla, oku kuguqulela kwiminyaka eyi-8-16 yobomi bokusebenza. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikile okunzulu kwandisa ubomi obude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% kuphela umthamo onokuphinda-phinda kathathu ubomi xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa okupheleleyo.
Ubukho beSixokelelwano bulinganisa ipesenteji yexesha imisebenzi yebhetri yokutsheva njengoko iyilwe. Kulungile-ufakelo olugciniweyo lufezekisa ukufumaneka kwe-98-99%, kunye nexesha lokuphumla lilinganiselwe kulungiso olucwangcisiweyo kunye nokusilela kwecandelo elinqabileyo. Oku kufumaneka kuphezulu kungqina ukuba kubalulekile njengoko inkqubo kufuneka iphendule kuyo yonke incopho yeemfuno ezenzekayo ukuze kunikezelwe ulondolozo oluqikelelweyo. Iisistim zolawulo lweebhetri ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zibeka iliso kumawakawaka amanqaku edatha ukwenza ulungiso oluqikelelweyo olulungisa imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba yenze ukusilela kwenkqubo.
Ukulawula okuhlakaniphile kunye nokuzenzekelayo
Umaleko wobukrelekrele olawula imisebenzi yebhetri yokucheba ivele kakhulu ngaphaya komqobo olula-olusekwe kulawulo. Iisistim zala maxesha zolawulo lwamandla zibandakanya ialgorithms yokufunda koomatshini ehlalutya iipateni zembali yomthwalo ukuqikelela ukuba iincopho ziya kwenzeka nini ngokuchaneka okukhulayo. Ezi zakhono zokuqikelela zenza ukuba inkqubo ikwazi ukulungiselela i-spikes yemfuno eqikelelweyo ngokuqinisekisa intlawulo eyaneleyo yebhetri kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokukhupha.
Ixesha lokwenyani-i-algorithms yokuphucula ibhalansi kwiinjongo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Isixokelelwano kufuneka sichebe iincopho zebango ukunciphisa iintlawulo zegridi ngelixa ugcina ugcino olwaneleyo lwebhetri kwizikhewu zosetyenziso ezingalindelekanga. Kufuneka ilungelelanise nemveliso ehlaziyekayo xa ikhona, ibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ngaphezu kwamandla egridi xa ekhona. Olunye ufakelo luthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuphendula iimfuno ezifuna ukucuthwa komthwalo ngexesha likaxakeka legridi, ukongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima bokwenza.
Inkqubo yokulawula idibanisa kwimithombo yedatha yangaphandle kuquka ukubikezela kwemozulu, iinkqubo zokulawula izakhiwo, kunye neeshedyuli zokuvelisa. Idatha yemozulu inceda ukuqikelela imithwalo ye-HVAC yezakhiwo zorhwebo. Iishedyuli zemveliso zilumkisa inkqubo ngokucetywa okuphezulu{2} kwemisebenzi yomthwalo kumaziko okuvelisa. Olu lwazi lomxholo luphucula ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwengqikelelo kwaye luvumela ulawulo lwebhetri olusebenzayo oluhlala lugcina izixhobo zingaphantsi kwemiqobo yemfuno ephezulu.
Ubunakho bokubeka iliso kwindawo ekude buvumela abaphathi bamaziko kunye nabacebisi bamandla ukuba balandelele ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwiideshibhodi ezisembindini. Iqonga libonisa{1}}ixesha lokuhamba kwamandla, imeko yebhetri, ixesha eliqikelelweyo, kunye nokongiwa kwentlawulo yebango. Isilumkiso esizenzekelayo sazisa abasebenzisi xa kusenzeka okungaqhelekanga okanye xa ulungiso lwesiqhelo lufuneka. Olu qwalaselo olukude lungqina ukuba luxabisekile kwimibutho esebenza amaziko amaninzi anofakelo lwebhetri lokucheba kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ingaba ibhetri ephezulu kakhulu ihlala ixesha elingakanani ngexesha lokuphuma okuqhelekileyo?
Ubude bexesha lokukhupha buxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo. I-200 kWh incopho yebhetri yokusheva exhasa ukucuthwa kwebango le-100 kW ibaleka malunga neeyure ezi-2 phambi kokuba ifune ukutshajwa. Uninzi lweenkqubo zorhwebo zilinganiswe ukujongana namaxesha aphakamileyo athatha iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4, ezibandakanya ukunyuka kwemfuno yemva kwemini. Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri ngokuqhubekayo ibeka iliso kwimeko yentlawulo kwaye iya kugcina i-10-20% yokugcina umthamo ukugcina impilo yebhetri kwaye ivumele ukuphendula kwiincopho ezongezelelweyo ezingalindelekanga.
Ngaba iibhetri zokucheba eziphakamileyo zingasebenza kunye nofakelo olukhoyo lwephaneli yelanga?
Ewe, iisistim zebhetri zokucheba zidibanisa ngokulula kunye nofakelo olukhoyo lwe-solar photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa abalawuli bentlawulo abalawula ukuhamba kwamandla kwimithombo emininzi. Inkqubo ibeka phambili ukuveliswa kwelanga ngexesha lokukhanya kwemini, ukutshaja iibhetri ngemveliso yelanga engaphezulu ngelixa ubonelela ngemithwalo yezibonelelo. Xa imveliso yelanga iyancipha kodwa imfuno yoncedo ihlala iphezulu, ibhetri ikhupha amandla elanga ukongeza amandla egridi. Oku kudityaniswa kwandisa ixabiso lotyalo-mali lwelanga kunye nokugcinwa kwentlawulo yemfuno ngaphandle kokufuna ukuguqulwa kwesixokelelwano selanga.
Loluphi ulungiso olufuna iinkqubo zebhetri zokutsheva?
I-Lithium-i-ion peak yokucheba iisistim zebhetri zifuna ulondolozo oluncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye -zeasidi. Uhlolo lwekota luqinisekisa uqhagamshelo lombane luhlala luqinile kwaye iinkqubo zokupholisa zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri isoloko ibeka iliso kwiivolthi zeseli nganye kunye namaqondo obushushu, ilumkisa abaqhubi ngazo naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Uvavanyo lwamandla onyaka luqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zigcina ukusebenza kwazo okulinganiselweyo. Uninzi lwabavelisi bacebisa uphononongo lwenkonzo yobuchwephesha rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2{8}}3 ukuvavanya impilo yenkqubo iyonke kunye nohlaziyo lwesoftware yolawulo. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri{9} zeasidi, iinkqubo ze-lithium-ion azifuni zongezo zamanzi okanye ukutshaja ngokulinganayo.
Ingaphendula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ibhetri ephezulu yokutsheva kwibango lespikes?
Iinkqubo zale mihla zokutsheva iibhetri ziphendula ngaphakathi kwe-2-4 milliseconds yokubona imfuno engaphaya komda omiselweyo. Le mpendulo ikhawulezayo ivela kumandla ombane ahlala ebeka iliso kwiindawo zoqhagamshelo lwegridi ngamaxesha angaphantsi kwesibini. Isantya singqineka sibalulekile njengoko izibonelelo kufuneka zihlale ngaphantsi kwencopho yemitha elinganiselwa kwimizuzu eli-15 yonyuso ngezinto eziluncedo. Ukusabela okulibazisekayo kunokuvumela isantya esifutshane semfuno ukuba sibhalise, sichasa izibonelelo zoqoqosho. Ukutshintsha okukhawulezileyo akubangeli ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo soncedo okanye iinkqubo.
Ukusasazwa kobuchule bogcino lwebhetri kulawulo lwebango oluphezulu lutshintshile ukusuka kuvavanyo ukuya kwisiqhelo njengoko iindleko zisehla kunye nolwakhiwo lwenqanaba losetyenziso oluya lusohlwaya ukuguquguquka kosetyenziso. Izibonelelo ezivavanya ezi nkqubo kufuneka zihlalutye iiprofayili zomthwalo wazo kunye nolwakhiwo lweereyithi ngononophelo, njengoko uqoqosho lusihluka kakhulu ngokweemeko zendawo. Imibutho eneendleko eziphezulu zemfuno, imithwalo eguquguqukayo, kunye nokuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo kokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ibona imbuyekezo ekhawulezayo. Kwimisebenzi emininzi yorhwebo nemizi-mveliso, itekhnoloji yokucheba ibhetri ephezulu ngoku ayimeli nje isixhobo sokunciphisa iindleko zamandla kodwa isibonelelo sokhuphiswano kwiimarike apho iindleko zombane zinempembelelo kakhulu kwimida yokusebenza.