Impendulo emfutshane: ewe, ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa loo nto ayiyonxalenye inika umdla.
Owona mbuzo awunguyenokubaIinkqubo zokugcina amandla zinenketho-yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba abanazo. Ngena kwiincoko ezininzi malunga nogcino lwamandla kwaye uya kuva "ibhetri" iphoswa ngapha nangapha ngathi kuphela komdlalo edolophini. Ayiyo. Hayi kufutshane.
Iibhetri zifumana lonke ingqalelo (ngesizathu esilungileyo, ubukhulu becala)
Jonga andizukwenza ngathi ibhetri azibalulekanga. Balawula imarike. I-Lithium-i-ion ngokukodwa ibe yinto edumileyo kwihlabathi lamandla{3}}ibonakala kuyo yonke indawo ukusuka kwifowuni yakho ukuya kwizinto{4}}zofakelo oluthatha iihektare ezininzi. Itekhnoloji yakhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba nabani na wayeqikelele ngo-2010.
Kodwa nantsi apho ifumana umdla.
I-Lithium{0}}ayonto enye. Lusapho. Une-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ethengisa uxinano lwamandla kubomi bomjikelo obude kunye nokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal. Kukho i-NMC (i-nickel manganese cobalt), epakisha i-punch eninzi ngekhilogram enye kodwa ibiza ngaphezulu kwaye iphakamisa iinkxalabo zobonelelo malunga nokufunyanwa kwe-cobalt. Emva koko kukho iNCA, LTO... ii-akhronimi ziyafumba.
Uninzi lwabafakeli abayi kukuhamba kuyo yonke le nto. Banababoneleli ababathandayo kwaye yiloo nto oya kucaphulwa ngayo.
Iibhetri ezihambayo: Umzala ongaqhelekanga
Iibhetri ezihambayo zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yee-electrode eziqinileyo, uneetanki ezimbini ze-electrolyte ezingamanzi ezimpompa ngaphaya kwenwebu. Kuvakala kunzima kuba kunjalo.
Iyintoni ingenelo? Ubude bexesha. Inkqubo ye-lithium - ingakunika iiyure ezi-2-4 ngokoqoqosho. Iibhetri eziqukuqelayo zinokwelula ukuya kwi-8, 10, nkqu 12+ iiyure ngaphandle kweendleko zokukala ngokomgca ngendlela ezenza ngayo ngeebhetri eziqhelekileyo. Ngezicelo apho kufuneka ugcine ilanga langoLwesibini ngokuhlwa kwangoLwesithathu, oku kubalulekile.
Ukusilela kukunyathela. Ezi nkqubo zinkulu. Inzima. Hayi into oyibeka kudonga lwegaraji yakho.
Iibhetri zokuhamba kwe-Vanadium redox bezikho ukusukela ngo-1980s (ewe, ngokwenene) kodwa ukusebenza kwezorhwebo kufike mva nje. I-ayini -ikhemistri yomoya intsha kwaye inokuba nexabiso eliphantsi, nangona ijury isaphume-kwintsebenzo yehlabathi ngokomlinganiselo.
Ngaphaya kweebhetri Ngokupheleleyo: UGcino lweThermal kunye noGcino lweMechanical
Apha kulapho amanqaku amaninzi ayeka khona. "Iibhetri zinenketho, i-thermal ikhona, isiphelo."
Oko kukonqena.
Iinkqubo zobushushu aziwugcini mbane{0}}zigcina ubushushu okanye ingqele. Oku kuvakala njengokusikelwa umda de uqonde ukuba mangakanani amandla esiwachithayo kwi-HVAC. Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kunokuthatha i-40% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu.
Ukugcinwa komkhenkce yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo. Ngokusisiseko: qhwaba amanzi ebusuku xa amaxabiso ombane ephantsi, mawanyibilike emini ukunika ukupholisa. Ifiziksi ithe ngqo. Ubunjineli bukhulile. Uqoqosho lusebenza kumanqanaba afanelekileyo.
Ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo kuthethwa ngayo rhoqo kumxholo wamandla elanga agxininisiweyo, kodwa ukusasazwa kuhlala kulinganiselwe. Amaqondo obushushu abandakanyekayo (sithetha i-500℃+) yenza imiceli mngeni ye-lithium -iinjineli ze-ion zingaze zicinge ngayo.
Iinkqubo zamanzi abandayo zikhona nazo. Incinci kakhulu, isebenziseka ngakumbi, isasazwe ngokubanzi kwizibhedlele kunye namaziko edatha angakwaziyo ukuhlawula ukuphazamiseka kwe-HVAC.
Ukugcinwa koomatshini
I-Pumped hydro ngumzukulwana wokugcinwa kwegridi. Ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yogcino lwamandla kwihlabathi jikelele. Hayi iibhetri. Impompo yamanzi. Oku akukhankanywa ngokwaneleyo.
Umgaqo ulula: ukumpompa amanzi ekunyukeni xa unombane ogqithisileyo, vumela ukuba abuyele ezantsi ngee turbines xa ufuna amandla. Ukusebenza kakuhle kujikeleze i-70-85%, engabonakali kakuhle kodwa imbi.
Ingxaki yijografi. Udinga ukungafani kokuphakama. Ufuna amanzi. Ufuna amaphepha-mvume (ithamsanqa). Iiprojekthi ezintsha zokumpontshelwa kwamanzi zithatha iminyaka ukuphuhlisa kwaye zijongane nenkcaso ebalulekileyo yoluntu kwimimandla emininzi.
IiFlywheels zithatha i-niche eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Bakhawuleza{1}imillisecond amaxesha okuphendula{2}}kodwa ixesha eliqingqiweyo, ngokwesiqhelo lingaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-15. Isebenziseka kulawulo lwamaza kunye nomgangatho wamandla, ayiloncedo kangako ekutshintsheni isizukulwana selanga ukusuka emva kwemini ukuya ngokuhlwa.
Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo (CAES) lukho ukusukela ngoo-1970. Amaziko amabini amakhulu akhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Oko kukuxelela into malunga nemingeni yorhwebo.
Oko Akukho mntu Uthetha Ngayo
Ihydrogen.
Yima, ubuye.
Ndiyazi. IHydrogen ibe "likamva" amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokuba ibe ngoku. Kodwa njengendawo yokugcina amandla{2}}ngokukodwa kugcino lwamaxesha onyaka{3}}ayikho enye into esondela kuxinano lwamandla kunye nobude bexesha elinokwenzeka.
Ilahleko esebenzayo ikhohlakele. Yenza i-electrolyze amanzi, ucinezele okanye unyibilikise i-hydrogen, yigcine, uyiqhube kwi-fuel cell okanye i-iturbine... ungagqibela nge-30-40% yohambo oluhamba kakuhle ngokufanelekileyo. Imbi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neebhetri.
Kodwa iibhetri azikwazi ukugcina ngokwezoqoqosho umoya wasentwasahlobo ukulungiselela imfuno yokufudumeza ebusika. I-Hydrogen inokwenzeka.
Iziseko zophuhliso azikho. Iindleko zihlala ziphezulu. Ii-electrolyzers ziyakalwa kodwa azikhawulezi ngokwaneleyo. Le yiminyaka elishumi{3}}ngaphandle kweteknoloji kwizicelo ezininzi. Mhlawumbi amashumi amabini eminyaka.
Ndiyayikhankanya ngenxa yokuba ukungahoywa kwe-hydrogen imela kakubi ngokupheleleyo apho ugcino lwamandla lusingise khona.
Umbuzo wokuHlanganisa
Nantsi into ehlala ilahleka kuthelekiso lwetekhnoloji: ezona nyani{0}iprojekthi zehlabathi zidibanisa iindlela ezininzi.
Iziko ledatha linokusebenzisa i-lithium-iyoni yogcino olukhawulezayo, ugcino lwe-thermal lokutshintsha komthwalo wemihla ngemihla, kunye nejenereyitha zedizili (ewe, kusekho) ukucinywa okwandisiweyo. Into eluncedo inokubhangqa inkqubo yebhetri yeyure ezi-4 kunye ne-hydro emponthiweyo kwiimfuno zexesha elide.
Iinkqubo zeHybrid zinzima ukuyila, kunzima ukusebenza, kwaye kunzima ukubhala ngazo. Kodwa bahlala begqwesa{1}}indlela eyodwa yetekhnoloji ngokwezoqoqosho.
Isoftware: Umaleko ongabonakaliyo
Zonke ezi zikhetho zehardware zifuna iinkqubo zolawulo. Oku kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba abantu abaninzi becinga.
Isixokelelwano sebhetri esingalungiswanga kakuhle sinokujikeleza ngokungeyomfuneko, sithobeke ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekuqikelelwe. Inkqubo{1}ephuculwe kakuhle ifunda ubume bereyithi, iipateni zemozulu, kunye neprofayile zokulayisha ukunyusa ixabiso. Umahluko kwingeniso yonyaka okanye ukonga kunokuba yi-20-30%.
Uninzi lwabathengisi bathi isoftware yabo "ikrelekrele" okanye "i-AI{0}}inamandla" (la magama awanantsingiselo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingaba inkqubo ingakwazi:
Phendula{0}}kwiempawu zexabiso lexesha lokwenyani
Qikelela imfuno ezayo ngokuchaneka okufanelekileyo
Nxulumanisa nezinye ii-DERs (izibonelelo zamandla ezisasazwayo)
Ziqhelanise nokuthotywa kwexesha
Zimbalwa iinkqubo ezenza zone kakuhle.
Ukwenza Ingqiqo Ngokhetho
Ke ewe, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ziquka iinketho. Iinketho ezininzi. Mhlawumbi zininzi kakhulu kuye nawuphi na umthengi omnye ukuba azivavanye ngokucokisekileyo.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Kwindawo yokuhlala:i-lithium-iyoni edityaniswe nelanga lilawula ngesizathu esivakalayo. Iindlela ezizezinye mhlawumbi azikwehli kakuhle (iibhetri eziqukuqelayo, umoya ocinezelweyo) okanye zinike iimfuno ezahlukeneyo (ugcino olushushu luyavakala kwamanye amakhaya kodwa lufuna iinkqubo ze-HVAC ezitsalweyo).
Eyorhwebo:ubalo luba nzima ngakumbi. Iindleko zemfuno, ixesha{1}}lo{2}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo eziluncedo, iimfuno zokuqina... zonke ezi zinto ziphakathi. Ngamanye amaxesha ugcino lomkhenkce lubetha iibhetri kuqoqosho olusulungekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ayenzi. Fumana iikowuti ezininzi.
Eyoncedo{0}}isikali:yonke into isetafileni. I-hydro, ukuba ijografi iyavuma. Ixesha elide-ibhetri ze 8+ iimfuno zeyure. Ixesha elifutshane -i-lithium - ye-ion yokulawula rhoqo kunye ne-4-iyure ye-arbitrage. Ngokunyuka, indibaniselwano.
Yintoni ezayo
Iibhetri zesodium -ze-ion ekugqibeleni zifikelela kwimveliso yorhwebo. Abazukubetha i-lithium-iion kuxinano lwamandla, kodwa banokuphumelela kwiindleko kunye nozinzo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo. Abavelisi abaninzi baseTshayina banyusa imveliso ngokukhawuleza.
Iron-iibhetri zomoya (iFomu yaMandla iyeyona iphezulu-inkampani yeprofayile) ithembisa i-100-iyure yeyure ngeendleko eziphantsi kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe bangoku. Ukuba itekhnoloji inikezela ngokusebenza kweprojekthi yokulinga, inokubumba kwakhona imakethi yokugcina ixesha elide ngokupheleleyo.
Ugcino lomxhuzulane -usebenzisa iibhloko ezinzima eziphakanyisiweyo kwaye zehlisiwe kwi-shafts{1}}kuvakala ngathi yinto ephuma kwinoveli ye-steampunk kodwa iinkampani ezininzi ziyisukela ngokuzimisela. Iibhloko zekhonkrithi ze-Energy Vault zafumana ingqalelo; abanye baphuhlisa iindlela ezifihlakeleyo.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya olwelo (i-LAES) kunomatshini omnye omkhulu wokubonisa osebenza e-UK. Lo mbono ubandakanya ukunyibilikisa umoya ngexesha lokutshaja, emva koko uwuvumele ukuba wandise kwaye uqhube ii-turbines ngexesha lokukhutshwa. Ukusebenza kuthobekile kodwa itekhnoloji isebenzisa amacandelo emveliso aqinisekisiweyo.
Akukho nanye kwezi eya kuphelisa ulawulo lwe-lithium-ion kule minyaka mihlanu izayo. Abanye abanakuze bafezekise ukubaluleka kwezorhwebo. Kodwa umbhobho wokhetho unzulu kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.
Umbuzo awungowokuba iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zinenketho. Basoloko benayo.
Umbuzo ngowokuba ngaba sivavanya ezo zikhetho ngokunyaniseka okanye asigqibekanga kuyo nayiphi na into eqhelekileyo. Impendulo, kaninzi, yeyokugqibela.
Oko kutshintsha kancinci. Iimarike zivuza ukuphuculwa. Kwaye uphuculo lufuna ukwazi okukhoyo{2}}ukwazi ngenene, hayi nje ukunqwala xa kukho umntu okhankanya iibhetri.