Amacandelo enkqubo yogcino lwamandla ebhetri (BESS) ayafumaneka kubavelisi abakhethekileyo, abasasazi bamashishini, ababoneleli bamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nababoneleli benkqubo edibeneyo. Imbonakalo yomhlaba iquka unxulumano oluthe ngqo lwabavelisi kunye -nothungelwano lwenqanaba losasazo oluninzi oluthatha iiseli zebhetri, iinkqubo zoguqulo lwamandla, iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri, izixhobo zolawulo lobushushu, kunye nezisombululo ezinezikhongozeli.
Ukuqonda i-BESS Component Supply Chain
Indawo yokugcina amandla ebhetri isebenza kumanqanaba amaninzi, ngalinye libonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga kunye nezikali zeprojekthi. Kwinqanaba lomenzi, iinkampani ezinjengeCATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, kunye neSamsung SDI zivelisa iiseli ze-ion zelithium kunye neemodyuli ezipheleleyo zebhetri ngokuthe ngqo. Aba benzi bakholisa ukusebenza kunye-nabaphuhlisi abakhulu kwiiprojekthi eziluncedo ezingaphezulu kwe-10 MWh.
Inqanaba lokusasaza lizalisa isithuba sezicelo zorhwebo nezoshishino. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Saft, i-Corvus Energy, kunye ne-Simpliphi Power zigcina uluhlu lwempahla kwaye zibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa kwiiprojekthi eziphakathi kwe-100 kWh kunye ne-10 MWh. Le marike iphakathi imele malunga ne-37% yokuthunyelwa kwe-BESS yehlabathi ngokohlalutyo lukaWood Mackenzie luka-2024.
Ukumanyana kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba unokulindela.Uphononongo luka-2024 olwenziwa yi-BloombergNEF lufumanise ukuba iiprojekthi ezisebenzisa{1}}iisistim ezidityanisiweyo zangaphambili ezivela kubaboneleli ababodwa bagqibezele ukufakela ngama-23% ngokukhawuleza kunalawo ahlanganisa amacandelo avela kubathengisi abaninzi. Ukugcinwa kwexesha eliguqulelwe kwi-$ 15-20 nge-kWh kwiindleko zabasebenzi ezincitshisiweyo.
IiModeli ezine zokuThweba
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga zihambelana neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo:
Ukuthengwa koMvelisi ngokuthe ngqoisebenza xa imiqulu yeodolo idlula i-500 kWh kwaye amaxesha okukhokela anokwandisa iinyanga ezi-6-9. I-Tesla Energy, umzekelo, ifuna ubuncinci beeodolo malunga ne-2 MWh kwiinkqubo zabo zeMegapack. Inzuzo yeendleko isuka kwi-8-12% xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso osasazo, kodwa iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ziyakhawulelwa.
Uthungelwano loMsasazounikezelo lonikezelo olukhawulezayo (4-iiveki ezili-12) kunye nee-odolo ezincinci (50-100 kWh). Abasasazi abafana ne-Energy Toolbase kunye neGreentech Renewables bagcina iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zasekhaya kuzo zonke iimarike ezinkulu. I-premium phezu kwexabiso elithe ngqo lihlala kwi-10-15%, kodwa libandakanya iinkonzo ezongeziweyo zexabiso ezifana nenkxaso yoyilo lwenkqubo kunye nolawulo lwewaranti.
Abahlanganisi beNkqubonjengeFluence, Wartsila, kunye nePowin Energy zibonelela ngezisombululo ze-turnkey ezihlanganisa amacandelo, ubunjineli kunye nofakelo. Indlela yabo isebenza ngcono -kubaphuhlisi bexesha lokuqala abangenayo-kubugcisa bendlu. Ezi phakheji ezidibeneyo ziyalela i-premium ye-18-25% ngaphezu kweendleko zecandelo kodwa zinciphisa umngcipheko weprojekthi kakhulu.
Iingcali zeCandeloingqwalasela kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi ezithile. Iinkampani ezinjengeDynapower kunye ne-SMA Solar Technology zenza iinkqubo zokuguqula amandla ngokukodwa. I-Nuvation Energy igxile kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri. Lo mzekelo uvumela ukuxuba okugqibelele-ku{4}}kumacandelo eklasi kodwa ufuna ubunakho bolawulo lweprojekthi.
Iseli yebhetri kunye neMithombo yeModyuli
Iiseli zebhetri zimele i-40-50% yeendleko zizonke ze-BESS, okwenza ukhetho lomthengisi lubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lweprojekthi. Imakethi yahlulahlulwe yaziindidi ezintathu zeekhemikhali, nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana izinto.
ILithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Ababoneleli
Abavelisi baseTshayina balawula imveliso ye-LFP. I-CATL ibambe malunga ne-32% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi yokugcina iiseli ze-LFP ezimileyo. Iiseli zabo zebhetri zifikelela kwi-6,000-10,000 ubomi bomjikelezo kwi-80% ubunzulu bokukhutshwa. I-EVE Energy kunye ne-REPT Battero zisebenza njengeminye imithombo kunye ne-12-16 iiveki ezihamba phambili zamaxesha kwii-odolo ezingaphezu kwe-1 MWh.
I-BYD yenza zombini iiseli kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo zebhetri yeblade. Indlela yabo edibeneyo ibhenela kubaphuhlisi abafuna uxanduva lomthombo omnye{1}. Ukusasazwa okutsha nje eCalifornia kubonise i94.5%{4}}yohambo olujikelezayo olujikelezayo kufakelo lwe-100 MWh.
Umsantsa wokubonelela ngeYurophu udala ithuba.Indawo yaseNorthvolt ye-Ett eSweden yaqala imveliso ye-LFP ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, inikezela ukuhanjiswa kweeveki ezi-6 kwiiprojekthi zaseYurophu. Olu ncedo lwasekhaya lwehlisa omabini amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokuvezwa kweerhafu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseAsia.
Iinketho zeLithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC).
I-LG Energy Solution kunye ne-Samsung SDI ikhokela imveliso ye-NMC yezicelo zegridi. Iiseli zabo zibonelela nge-20-30% yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kune-LFP{3}}ibaluleke kakhulu kufakelo oluxinzelelwe sisithuba. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bomjikelezo bufikelela kuphela kwimijikelo ye-4,000-5,000 kubunzulu obulinganayo bokukhupha.
Imveliso yePanasonic kwi-Nevada Gigafactory yabo isebenza ngokuyintloko iiprojekthi zaseMntla Melika. Inkqubo yabo yokufaneleka idinga iinyanga ezi-3-6 kubathengi abatsha, kodwa abathengi abavunyiweyo bafikelela kwii-8-10 iiveki zokuhanjiswa kweefestile. Amaxabiso aqhuba $85-95 kWh nganye kwiiodolo ezingaphezulu kwe-2 MWh.
I-SK On ingene kwimakethi yokugcina emileyo ngo-2023 ngokusebenzisa indawo yabo yokuvelisa yaseGeorgia. Imveliso yokuqala igxininise kwiinkqubo zeeyure ze-2 kwiinkqubo zorhwebo, kunye neeyure ze-4 zokucwangciswa okucwangcisiweyo kwi-2025.
Imodyuli kunye neNdibano yeRack
Ngaphambi{0}}iimodyuli ezidityanisiweyo zenza lula udibaniso xa kuthelekiswa nokuthengwa kweseli nganye. Ulwelo lweSungrow{2}}iimodyuli zebhetri epholileyo zidibanisa ulawulo lobushushu ngaphakathi kweeyunithi ezisemgangathweni ezingama-70 kWh. Uyilo lwabo lwemodyuli luvumela uqhagamshelo olunxuseneyo ukuya kuthi ga kwisikali seemegawathi ezininzi-.
I-Kokam igxile kwiimodyuli {{0}eziphezulu zamandla kusetyenziso lolawulo lwamaza. Ifomathi yabo ye-26650 ye-cylindrical ihambisa amazinga e-3C yokukhupha ngokuthelekiswa nemilinganiselo ye-1C eqhelekileyo kwiiseli zeprismatic. Esi sikhundla samandla siyalela i-30-35% yeprimiyamu yexabiso kodwa yenza uyilo lonyawo oluncinci lweenkonzo ezifuna impendulo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuthengwa kweNkqubo yokuGuqulwa kwamandla
Iinkqubo zoguqulo lwamandla (PCS) ziguqula amandla ebhetri yeDC ukuya kuqhagamshelo lwegridi ye-AC. Ezi ziguquleli ze-bidirectional akhawunti ye-15-20% yeendleko zenkqubo kunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwiimpawu zokusebenza.
Abavelisi bePCS abasekiweyo
I-SMA Solar Technology ibonelela ngee-inverters ukusuka kwi-100 kW ukuya kwi-4.6 MW umthamo. Uthotho lwabo lweSunny Central Storage lulawula ufakelo lwaseYurophu ngokuthembeka okuqinisekisiweyo kuyo yonke 15+ iminyaka yokusasazwa endle. Uphononongo lwe-2024 olwenziwa yi-DNV lufumene iiyunithi ze-SMA zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-98.3% emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza.
Uthotho lwe-ABB's PCS800 lujolise kwizinto eziluncedo{1}}iiprojekthi zesikali. Ulwakhiwo lwabo lweemodyuli luvumela ukunyuswa komthamo ukusuka kwi-2 MW ukuya ngaphaya kwe-20 MW ngoqhagamshelwano olunxuseneyo. Imisebenzi yenkxaso yegridi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu iquka inertia yokwenziwa kunye nolawulo lombane{6}}ibaluleke kakhulu njengoko kuhlaziywa ukungena kunyuka.
I-Dynapower yenza i-PCS ngokukodwa ukugcina amandla endaweni yokuguqulwa kwelanga. Olu buchule lwenza iimpawu ezifana nokubanakho ukuqalisa okumnyama kunye notshintsho olungenamthungo phakathi kwegridi{1}}elandelayo kunye negridi{2}}iindlela zokwenza. Iisistim zabo zidityaniswa ngokuqinileyo kunye namaqonga ohlukeneyo e-BMS xa kuthelekiswa nelanga-iziguquli eziphumayo.
Igridi Esahlumayo{0}}Izakhono Zokwenza
Ukutshintshela kwigridi{0}}ukwenza iziguquli zenza izinto ezintsha zokuqwalaselwa. Igridi yesiNtu{2}}iinkqubo ezilandelayo zifuna ireferensi yombane wegridi ezinzileyo, zinciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kwiindawo zegridi ezibuthathaka okanye ii-microgrids ezisesiqithini. Igridi-eyenza iPCS inokuseka amandla ombane kunye neereferensi zamaza ngokuzimeleyo.
I-Nidec ASI iphuhlise igridi{0}}ubuchule bokwenza kumgca wabo wemveliso we-BESS Master. Uvavanyo lwendawo kufakelo lwaseOstreliya lubonise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100% inverter{3}esekwe kwizibonelelo kumacandelo egridi ekwanti. Itekhnoloji yongeza malunga ne-20-30 yeedola nge-kW kwiindleko zenkqubo kodwa ivula imithombo emitsha yengeniso evela kwiinkonzo zokuzinza kwegridi.
Umbuzo wokuhambelana ubalulekile.Ayizizo zonke iiyunithi zePCS ezisebenza ngaphandle komthungo kuzo zonke iintlobo zebhetri. Uphononongo lwe-EPRI luka-2024 lubhale iimeko ezili-12 apho iiPCS ezingahambelaniyo{3}}indibaniselwano yebhetri ikhokelele ekuthotyweni okukhawulezileyo okanye imiba yewaranti. Abavelisi baya becacisa ngakumbi ukudityaniswa kwamacandelo okufanelekileyo ukuthintela ezi ngxaki.
UKhetho lweNkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri
IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweBattery (BMS) zibeka iliso kwaye zilawule iiseli -inqanaba lamandla ombane, ubushushu, kunye nemo yentlawulo. Amaqonga e-BMS aphucukileyo aqikelela ukusilela kunye nokwandisa iindlela zokutshaja ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
Iqonga -Inqanaba lababoneleli be-BMS
I-Nuvation Energy yenza iimodyuli ze-BMS zehardware eziyilelwe ubukhulu-iiseli zeprismatic ezinkulu. Imodyuli yabo ye-BMSA10 ibeka iliso ukuya kuthi ga kwiiseli ezili-12 ezine-2 mV yombane wokuchaneka. Ulwakhiwo olusasaziweyo luvumela ukwandiswa kwenkqubo ukusuka kwi-100 kWh ukuya kwi-multi{7}} isikali se-MWh kusetyenziswa amacandelo afanayo.
I-Orion BMS ijolise kufakelo lwentengiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 MWh. Iinkqubo zabo zidibanisa ngaphandle kwamacingo kunye neempawu eziphambili zePCS kwaye zixhasa zombini iikhemistri ze-LFP kunye ne-NMC. Isoftware yoqwalaselo yenza ukuba iijika zentlawulo yesiko kunye neeparamitha zokhuseleko ngaphandle kobuchule benkqubo.
ILithium Ibhalansi ibonelela ngeBMS ngokukodwa -yebhetri yeemoto zobomi besibini. Njengoko iibhetri zemoto zombane zifikelela esiphelweni-zo{3}}zemoto{4}}ubomi malunga ne-70{7}}80% yomthamo wokuqala, zihlala zisebenza kugcino olumileyo. Injongo -eyakhelwe i-BMS yenza ukuba eli candelo lemarike lisebenze kwiseli{9}}ukuya-kwiseli yoguquko lwamandla ombane ogqitha unyamezelo oluqhelekileyo.
Idatha kunye ne-Analytics Integration
Iiplatifti ze-BMS zanamhlanje zandisa ngaphaya kokubeka iliso okusisiseko ukuya kuhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo. Iqonga le-Stem's Athena lidibanisa idatha kulo lonke ufakelo ukuchonga iipateni zokuthotywa kunye nokwandisa izicwangciso zokuhambisa. Ii-algorithms zabo zokufunda umatshini ziphucule ubomi bebhetri nge-15-20% kuvavanyo oluthelekisayo ngokuchasene neendleko ezisisiseko / iishedyuli zokukhupha.
IGreensmith (efunyenwe nguWartsila) idibanisa idatha ye-BMS kwiinjini zokuphucula uqoqosho. Inkqubo ilungisa iipatheni zokutshaja ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lwexabiso lombane kunye neendleko eziqikelelweyo zokuthotywa kwebhetri. Ufakelo olunye lwaseTexas lonyuse ingeniso yonyaka nge-42,000 yeedola ngokurhweba nge-arbitrage ephuculweyo eyenziwe ngulo maleko wobuntlola.
Amacandelo oLawulo lweThermal
Ulawulo lobushushu luchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Iintshukumo zekhemistri yeeseli zikhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, oko kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila nge-50% xa isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezulu kwe-35 degree.
Iintlobo zeNkqubo yokupholisa
Ukupholisa uMoya oNgenziwayoyanele kwiinkqubo ezincinci ezingaphantsi kwama-200 kWh kwimozulu{1}}imimandla elawulwayo. Abavelisi abanjengoSimpliphi Amandla badibanisa iisinki zobushushu kunye noyilo lwendalo yokuhambisa. Iindleko zokufakela ziqhuba i-$ 8-12 nge-kWh nganye kodwa i-gradients zobushushu ngaphakathi kwee-stacks zebhetri zinokufikelela kwi-10-15 degree.
Ukupholisa uMoya okuSebenzayoisebenzisa iifeni ukunyanzelisa ukuhamba komoya kwiimodyuli zebhetri. Umoya we-Sungrow{1}}izikhongozeli ezipholileyo zigcina iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwe-5℃kwi-stack yebhetri. Indlela yongeza i-$ 15-20 nge-kWh kwiindleko zecandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kwe-1-2% yomthamo wenkqubo.
Ukupholisa ulweloifezekisa olona lawulo lungqongqo lobushushu. I-Megapack kaTesla ijikeleza umxube we-glycol ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti ezibandayo ezidibeneyo ngaphakathi kweemodyuli zebhetri. Oku kugcina amaqondo obushushu eseli ngaphakathi kwe ±2℃kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ukuchaneka kubiza i-35-45 yeedola nge-kWh nganye kodwa kuvumela imigaqo yewaranti engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 kwezinye iimeko.
Ababoneleli boLawulo lweThermal
IBoyd Corporation yenza iipleyiti ezibandayo zolwelo kunye nezixhobo zojongano lwe-thermal kwizicelo ze-BESS. Itekhnoloji yabo-eyesibini yokupholisa itekhnoloji idlulisela ubushushu obu-3x ngokufanelekileyo kunenkqubo-yenqanaba elinye, ivumela uyilo loxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu.
UParker Hannifin ubonelela ngeeyunithi zokuhambisa okupholileyo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso. Indlela yabo ehlanganisiweyo ibandakanya iimpompo, iivalvu, izivamvo zobushushu, kunye nolawulo lwe-algorithms kwiindibano-ezivavanyiweyo ngaphambili. Omnye umenzi uchaze i-60% yokunciphisa ixesha lokudityaniswa kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ezidibeneyo zikaParker ngokuchasene nokuhlanganisa amacandelo athile.
Izisombululo ze-Containerized kunye ne-Turnkey
Ngaphambi{0}}iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezinezikhongozeli zilungelelanisa ukusasazwa koncedo{1}}iiprojekthi zesikali. Ezi zisombululo zipheleleyo ziquka iibhetri, i-PCS, i-BMS, i-HVAC, ukucinywa komlilo, kunye ne-switchgear ngaphakathi kweendawo ezivaliweyo zemozulu.
Abadibanisi beNkqubo abaKhulu
Iimveliso zeFluence Energy's Cube kunye neGridStack zilawula ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziluncedo kuMntla Melika. I-4.3 GWh yabo yeenkqubo ezibekiweyo ukusukela phakathi-i-2024 ibonelela ngedatha yokusebenza enzulu. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufakela liqhuba iiveki ze-6-8 zokulungelelaniswa okusemgangathweni, xa kuthelekiswa neeveki ze-12-16 kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo.
IWartsila (ngokufumana iGreensmith) ibonelela ngeGEMS Digital Energy Platform ecaleni kwehardware. Umaleko wesoftware ulawula iinkqubo ezininzi zebhetri, ulungelelwaniso lwelanga, kunye neejenereyitha njengezityalo zamandla ezidityanisiweyo. Iiprojekthi eCarlifonia zibonise i-12-15% ephuculweyo yoqoqosho ngokulungelelaniswa kwe-asethi.
IPowin Energy yenza iinkqubo eziziimodyuli ukusuka kwi-1 MW ukuya kwi-10+ MW isebenzisa isitampu sebhetri kubaboneleli abaninzi. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga -semithombo emininzi sibonelela ukomelela kwikhonkco lonikezelo{4}}okubaluleke kakhulu ukunqongophala kweeseli okuchaphazele ishishini ngo-2021-2022. Iqonga labo leCentipede livumela ukuxuba iintlobo zebhetri ngaphakathi kofakelo olunye.
Ababoneleli beNgingqi
Abadibanisi baseYurophu njengeTesvolt kunye neFENECON bakhonza amacandelo ezorhwebo kunye nezoshishino. I-TS ye-Tesvolt's{1}}Iinkqubo zikala ukusuka ku-70 kWh ukuya kuma-240 kWh kusetyenziswa iimodyuli ezisemgangathweni. Ukuvelisa eJamani kunciphisa amaxesha okuhanjiswa kwiiveki ze-4-6 kwiiprojekthi ze-Central European.
E-Australia, i-Energy Renaissance ivelisa iinkqubo zisebenzisa iimodyuli zebhetri ezidityanisiweyo. Le ndlela ifumana inkuthazo yezowuni yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngelixa isenza isixokelelwano sobonelelo lwangaphakathi. Iithagethi zabo ze-133 kWh Renaissance One ngasemva -kwe{4}}yemitha yosetyenziso lwentengiso.
Iingqwalasela zeJografi
Ubukho becandelo kunye neendleko zohluka kakhulu ngokwengingqi ngenxa yokugxila kwimveliso, imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, kunye nothungelwano lolungiselelo.
I-Asia {{0}i-Pacific Supply Base
I-China yenza malunga ne-75-80% yeeseli ze-ion ze-lithium- zehlabathi ukuze zigcinwe. Amaxabiso akhuphisanayo asukela ekudityanisweni ngokuthe nkqo okuthatha imigodi ye-lithium ngokuveliswa kweeseli. Iindleko ze-FOB ze-Shanghai eziqhelekileyo zeeseli ze-LFP ziqhuba i-$ 70-80 nge-kWh kwii-odolo zesikali se-megawathi.
Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokuthumela zinyuke nge-200-300% xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angaphambi kwe-2020. A 2 MWh inkqubo isikhongozeli incurs $80,000-120,000 kwimpahla yolwandle ukusuka China ukuya US West Coast kumazibuko. Ezi ndleko zolungiselelo zongeza i-$40-60 nge-kWh nganye kwiindleko zokuhlala.
Amaxesha okukhokela ayanda ngexesha lonyaka ophakamileyo.Iiodolo ezibekwe kwi-Q3-Q4 zihlala zijongana neenyanga ezi-6-9 iifestile zokuhanjiswa kweenyanga njengoko abavelisi bebeka phambili iikontraki ezinkulu eziluncedo. Abathengi abanobuchule bafaka ii-odolo kwiinyanga ezili-12-18 ngaphambili ukuze babe nolwabiwo oluqinisekisiweyo.
Imveliso yaseMntla yaseMelika
Iimfuno zesiqulatho sasekhaya kuMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso zikhuthaza ukufunwa kweMntla Melika. Iiprojekthi ezisebenzisa i-US{1}}izixhobo ezenziweyo zifumana i-10-20% yekhredithi yerhafu ephezulu-ukuphelisa intlawulo yangoku yeendleko zemveliso yasekhaya.
I-KORE Power isebenza kwindawo yokuvelisa iiseli ze-GWh ze-12 e-Arizona. Imveliso yabo yase-US inciphisa amaxesha okukhokelela kwiiveki ze-8-12 kwaye isusa ukuvezwa kweerhafu kwiimpahla zaseTshayina. Amaxabiso aqhuba malunga ne-15% ngaphezulu kweendlela ezizezinye zaseAsia kodwa iiprojekthi ezifanelekileyo zibuyisa iyantlukwano ngeenzuzo zerhafu.
I-Eos Energy yenza i-zinc-iibhetri ezixutyiweyo ePennsylvania. Ngelixa imida esezantsi yoxinano lwamandla isibheno kwisithuba -esithintelweyo izicelo, ikhemistri ibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neqikelelo 20+ leminyaka yokuphila. Abaxumi babo baquka izinto eziluncedo kwiindawo zomlilo{5}}ethandwa zifuna iindleko ezicuthiweyo zezixhobo zokhuseleko.
Imithombo yaseYurophu
Iziko laseNorthvolt laseSweden libonelela ngeeseli ze-LFP kunye ne-NMC kwiiprojekthi zaseYurophu. Iindleko zemveliso zidlula abavelisi base-Asia nge-10-15%, kodwa ukufunwa kwendawo kuthintela ukulibaziseka kokuthumela kunye neendlela zokulungelelanisa umda wekhabhoni eziphunyezwa yi-EU.
I-Freyr Battery icwangcisa i-43 GWh yomthamo wemveliso eNorway isebenzisa amandla ombane{1} ivumela isiqinisekiso sebhetri "esiyiziro{2}}sekhabhoni". Izivumelwano zakwangoko zabaxumi zibonisa ukukulungela ukuhlawula i-5-8% yeepremiyamu zokubonelela ngekhabhoni ephantsi njengoko iimfuno ze-ESG ziqiniswa.
Ababoneleli beCandelo abaNcedisayo
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezingundoqo zamandla, ukuthunyelwa ngempumelelo kwe-BESS kufuna ukucinywa komlilo, ukubeka iliso, kunye nezixhobo zeziseko zophuhliso.
IiNkqubo zokuCima uMlilo
Imililo yebhetri ibonisa imingeni yocinezelo ekhethekileyo. Iinkqubo zokutshiza zesiNtu zingqineka zingasebenzi kwi-lithium{1}}iziganeko zokubaleka kwe-thermal. Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokubona kunye nocinezelo ngoku zenza amacandelo afunekayo ukuze kuvunywe i-inshurensi.
I-Firetrace ivelisa iinkqubo zokunciphisa ukuqhuma ngokukodwa kwizikhongozelo zebhetri. Itekhnoloji yabo ibona iziganeko ezishushu ngaphakathi kwe-100 millisecond kwaye ibeka izicinezeli phambi kokuba iseli{2}}i{3}}isasazeke iseli. Ababhali be-inshurensi bayanda bafuna iinkqubo ezinjalo, bongeza i-$ 8-15 nge-kWh kwiindleko zeprojekthi.
I-3M inikezela nge-Novec 1230 iinkqubo zokunciphisa igesi ezicima imililo ngaphandle komonakalo wamanzi kwizinto ze-elektroniki. Umlilo omnye webhetri weWest Coast osebenze inkqubo ye-Novec ubangele iindleko zokutshintshwa kwemodyuli ye-78,000-xa kuthelekiswa ne-$ 650,000 ilahleko iyonke kumlilo ofanayo ngaphandle koxinzelelo.
Ukubeka iliso kunye noLawulo
Iinkqubo zeSCADA (uLawulo lokuLawula nokuFumana iDatha) zidibanisa idatha kuwo onke amacandelo enkqubo. Iqonga leProficy le-GE Digital libeka iliso kumawaka amanqaku edatha ngesekhondi, livumela ukugcinwa okuxelwe kwangaphambili kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza.
I-RTU (iRemote Terminal Unit) ababoneleli abafana ne-Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories ibonelela nge-hardware yekhompyutha engqamene nesixhobo sokubeka iliso esisembindini. Ukuthembeka kwe-SEL kwiimeko ezirhabaxa{1}}umthengisi omnye uxele i-99.7% yexesha lokuphumla kulo lonke ukufakelwa kwiimeko zentlango ezidlula i-50℃ambient.
Ibhalansi yeNkqubo
Abavelisi be-switchgear abafana ne-Eaton kunye ne-Schneider Electric babonelela ngesixhobo esiphakathi-se-voltage esidibanisa i-BESS kwizitishi zegridi. Ukulinganisa okufanelekileyo kwe-switchgear kuthintela iimeko ezidlulayo ezonakalise izixhobo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zangaphambili.
Abavelisi beekhebhuli banikezela zombini amandla kunye nonxibelelwano ikhewubhuli ereyithwe kwi BESS bume. I-Prysmian kunye ne-Nexans zibonelela ngeentambo ezilinganiselwe kwi-1000V DC kunye nokuxhathisa umlilo okongeziweyo{2}}okubaluleke kakhulu xa kujongwa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu okubandakanyekayo.
IziCwangciso zokuThengwa kweeMpahla neeNgqwalasela
Ukufumana icandelo eliyimpumelelo kufuna ukulungelelanisa izinto ezininzi ngaphaya kokuthelekisa ixabiso elilula.
Isiqinisekiso kunye noVavanyo
Uninzi lwezixhobo eziluncedo kunye nabakhupheli bentengiso bafuna uvavanyo oluzimeleyo ngaphambi kokuvunywa kwezixhobo. Iilebhu zovavanyo ezifana ne-UL, i-intertek, kunye ne-TÜV Rheinland zibonelela ngeenkonzo zesiqinisekiso. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweeveki ezi-8-12 kunye ne-$ 50,000-150,000 yokuvavanya ngokubanzi ukuhlanganiswa kwecandelo elitsha.
Ulingo lwasendle luya lusebenza njengendlela yokufaneleka. Iprojekthi "yendlu yesibane" kwisikali esincitshisiweyo ivumela ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza ngaphambi kokusasazwa ngokupheleleyo. Umphuhlisi omnye uvavanye ababoneleli bebhetri abathathu abakhuphisanayo kufakelo lwe-500 kWh phambi kokuba akhethe enye ye-50 MWh yokwakha{4}}ngaphandle.
Ulwakhiwo lweWaranti
Amagama ewaranti yebhetri anempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lweprojekthi. Abavelisi abaninzi baqinisekisa 70-80% ugcino umthamo ekupheleni kwexesha lewaranti-ngokuqhelekileyo 10-20 iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ii-curves zokunciphisa ziyahluka kakhulu kwiimveliso.
Funda umbhalo ocolekileyo kwimida yokugqibezela.Ezinye iziqinisekiso zivala amandla ewonke amandla ngexesha lewaranti. Ibhetri eqinisekiswe kwimijikelo engama-4,000 ijongana nezithintelo: umjikelo omnye ogcweleyo yonke imihla ufikelela kwisithuba seminyaka eli-11 xa kuthelekiswa newaranti yeminyaka eli-15 yomenzi. Iiprojekthi ezingaphaya kwemida yokwenziwa komsebenzi ziphulukana nokhuseleko lwewaranti nangona zihleli phakathi kwexesha.
Iziqinisekiso zokusebenza zisanda kongeza iziqinisekiso ezisisiseko. Ezi zivumelwano zibophelele kumanqanaba athile okusebenza okanye iipesenti zokufumaneka, kunye nomonakalo obhangisiweyo wokungasebenzi kakuhle. Enye iprojekthi yaseKhalifoniya iqinisekise iziqinisekiso zokusebenza ezixabisa i-$250,000 ngonyaka-emele i-3-4% yexabiso leprojekthi.
{0}}IziVumelwano zeNkonzo yexesha elide
Izivumelwano zobonelelo lwecandelo kufuneka zijongane{0}}nenkxaso yokufakela. Iingqwalasela eziphambili ziquka:
Ubukho beendawo ezisecaleni:Amacandelo abalulekileyo afana neebhodi ze-BMS okanye iiyunithi zolawulo ze-PCS zifuna ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza. Enye iprojekthi ifumene ukucima ngenkani kweentsuku ezingama-23 xa ibhodi ye-inverter engaphumelelanga ijongene nexesha leeveki ezi-6 ukusuka kumthengisi waphesheya.
Uhlaziyo lweSoftware:I-BMS kunye ne-PCS i-firmware iyaguquguquka ukulungisa iingxaki kunye nokongeza iimpawu. Qinisekisa ukuba amalungelo ohlaziyo anwenwa ngexesha lewaranti ngaphandle kwemirhumo eyongezelelweyo yelayisensi.
Ukusabela kwenkxaso yobugcisa:Chaza ixesha lokuphendula SLAs kuzo zombini ezikude kunye nakwi{0}}nkxaso yesayithi. Ikhontrakthi enye ichaza iyure ezi-4-iyure yokuphendula ifowuni kunye neeyure ezingama-24 kwindawo yokuthunyelwa kokusilela okubalulekileyo.
Iindlela zokuThweba ezisakhulayo
Imakethi yecandelo le-BESS iyaqhubeka nokuvela ngokukhawuleza, idala amathuba amatsha kunye nemingeni.
Okwesibini -uHlanganiso lwebhetri yoBomi
Iibhetri ze-lithium - ze-ion ezithatha umhlala phantsi malunga ne-70{2}}80% yomthamo wokuqala zibonelela ngeendleko ezisezantsi{4}}ukhetho lokugcina. I-BMW kunye noNissan baseke iinkqubo ezibonelela ngeepakethi zobomi besibini ezivela kwii-EVs. Iindleko ziqhuba i-$40-60 nge-kWh nganye xa kuthelekiswa ne-$100-120 yeeseli ezintsha.
Imiceli mngeni ibandakanya ukuhluka okuphezulu kwamandla ombane kwiiseli kunye nokungaqinisekanga kobomi obuseleyo. I-BMS ekhethekileyo evela kwiinkampani ezifana ne-Lithium Balance idilesi yokulinganisa amandla ombane, kodwa uqikelelo lwexabiso lentsalela luthwala ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu. Iprojekthi yezemali yeprojekthi iqhelekile imodeli kuphela 5-7 iminyaka yokusebenza kwebhetri kubomi besibini.
Ukwamkelwa kweSodium{0}}Ion
I-CATL yaqala imveliso yebhetri yesodium - yorhwebo ngo-2023. Uxinzelelo lwamandla asezantsi (120 - 150 Wh/kg xa kuthelekiswa ne-150-200 ye-LFP) lunciphisa usetyenziso kwiimeko apho indawo inganyanzelwanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemozulu ebandayo kunye nexabiso lezinto ezisezantsi zenza umdla.
Ukufumana ngoku kukhawulelwe kubavelisi baseTshayina, kodwa iinkampani ezininzi zaseYurophu naseMntla Melika zibhengeze imveliso yokulinga ngo-2024-2025. Uqikelelo lwamaxabiso lucebisa i-20-30% yezaphulelo xa ithelekiswa ne-LFP kanye isikali semveliso-enokuthi iphazamise i-2-4 yeyure yokugcina imarike.
Uphuhliso lweNtengo yeZibonelelo zaseKhaya
Iinkuthazo zikarhulumente zikhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwemveliso yasekhaya. I-13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseKhanada zotyalo-mali lokubonelela ngebhetri zenze iinketho ezintsha zokukhangela kuzo zonke izixhobo zecathode, imveliso yeeseli, kunye nendibano yemodyuli. Iiprojekthi ezikufutshane namaqela okuvelisa e-Ontario naseQuebec zifikelela kwiikhonkco ezimfutshane zokubonelela kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwemali.
Ikamva laseOstreliya Lenziwe eOstreliya lixhasa ngemali ukucokiswa kwecathode precursor kunye nendibano yemodyuli. Oku kudala iindlela ezizezinye zePasifiki zokukhangela iiprojekthi zaseAsia ezifuna ukwahluka kobonelelo ngekhonkco kude neChina{1}}imveliso egxininisiweyo.
Isakhelo sokuSebenza esiSebenzayo
Ukutsalwa kokusasazwa okuyimpumelelo, indlela yokuthenga ecwangcisiweyo inciphisa umngcipheko kwaye yandisa iindleko.
Isigaba 1: Iimfuno Inkcazo
Cacisa ngokucacileyo iimfuno zemeko yokusetyenziswa ngaphambi kokubandakanya ababoneleli:
Ubude bexesha lokukhupha:Ummiselo we-frequency yeyure ye-1 ufuna ukulungiswa okwahlukileyo kune-4-iyure ye-arbitrage yamandla
Umjikelo rhoqo:Ukuhamba ngebhayisikile yemihla ngemihla kukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwewaranti xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kweveki
Imiqobo yesiza:Indawo ekhoyo inokumisela iimfuno zoxinano lwamandla
Iikhowudi zegridi:Iimfuno zoqhagamshelo lwengingqi zimisela iinkcukacha zePCS
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo:Ubushushu obugqithisileyo, imimandla yenyikima, okanye ukuba sesichengeni sesitshizi setyuwa elunxwemeni kuchaphazela ukhetho lwamacandelo
Inqanaba lesi-2: -Uvandlakanyo lweMithombo emininzi
Kuphephe ukuxhomekeka komnye-kumthombo omnye ngokufaneleka 2-3 ababoneleli ngecandelo eliphambili. Ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela lomphuhlisi omnye kubadle ukulibaziseka kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye ne-2 yezigidi zeedola kwingeniso elahlekileyo xa umthengisi wabo weseli omnye ejongene nemiba yemveliso.
Cela iisampuli zovavanyo olubalulekileyo. Iisampulu zeeseli zebhetri zivumela ukuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo kweenkcazo. Enye iprojekthi ifumene i-12% yomthamo osezantsi ngokuchasene namabango edatha yedatha-ichonga iyantlukwano phambi kokutyikitywa kwekhontrakthi igcinwe i-$350,000.
Isigaba sesi-3: Iindleko zizonke zeModeli
Thatha iindleko zomjikelo wobomi ngaphaya kwexabiso lokufunyanwa:
Ukufakela abasebenzi:Iinkqubo-ezidityanisiweyo zangaphambili zinciphisa umsebenzi wasendle ngeeyure ezingama-40-60 nge-MW nganye
Iimfuno zokugcina:Olunye uyilo luvumela ukutshintshwa kwemodyuli ngaphandle kokukhupha iintambo ezikufutshane, ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwexesha lokuphumla
Ilahleko yokusebenza kakuhle:Umyinge we-2% osebenzayo umahluko udibanisa kwimpembelelo ebalulekileyo yengeniso kwiminyaka eyi-15-20 yobomi beprojekthi
Amazinga okuthotywa:Ukuhla kwebhetri ukuya kuma-70% umthamo ngonyaka we-10 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka we-15 kuchaphazela kakhulu imbuyekezo yezemali.
Inqanaba lesi-4: UPhuculo lwekhontrakthi
Amalungiselelo ekhontrakthi angundoqo akhusela ixabiso leprojekthi:
Iindlela zokulungisa ixabisokhusela ekuguquguqukeni kweendleko zemathiriyeli. Ikhontrakthi enye ibotshelelwe amaxabiso ecandelo lokugqibela kwi-lithium carbonate indawo amaxabiso ukusuka ngomhla wokuhanjiswa{1}}umthengi okhuselayo xa amaxabiso ehle nge-35% ngexesha lokukhokela leenyanga ezi-9.
Ukulibazisa umonakalo owenziweyoukubuyisela iishedyuli zonikezelo eziphosiweyo. Izibonelelo eziqhelekileyo zivela kwi-0.5-1% yexabiso lecandelo ngeveki yokulibaziseka, ifakwe kwi-10-15% iyonke.
Iiprothokholi zokuvavanya ukwamkelwachaza iinqobo zokugweba zentsebenzo. Bandakanya amalungiselelo ovavanyo lweqela lesithathu -lomntu wesithathu ukuba idatha yomthengisi ayihambelani neenkcukacha.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Leliphi ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhokela kumacandelo e-BESS?
Amaxesha okukhokela ayahluka ngohlobo lwecandelo kunye nobungakanani bomyalelo. Iiseli zebhetri ezisuka kubavelisi abakhulu zifuna 6-iinyanga ezili-12 kwiiodolo ezingaphezulu kwe-2 MWh, nangona abasasazi besitokhwe ngamanani amancinci akhoyo kwiiveki ezi-4-8. Iinkqubo zokuguqula amandla zihamba ngenqanawa phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3-4. Iinkqubo ezigqityiweyo eziqulathelweyo ziqala kwiinyanga ezi-6-8 zolungelelwaniso olusemgangathweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 kuyilo olulungelelanisiweyo. Iimeko zangoku zobonelelo zibonisa ukuphucuka ukusuka ngo-2021-2022 ukulibaziseka okuphezulu, kodwa ukucwangciswa kweenyanga ezili-12-18 ezizayo kuhlala kucebisekile kwiiprojekthi zomgangatho woncedo.
Ngaba ndingaxuba amacandelo avela kubavelisi abohlukeneyo?
Amalungu okuxuba ayenzeka kodwa afuna ubunjineli benkqubo enononophelo. Iiseli zebhetri kufuneka zihambelane ngaphakathi kwamandla ombane kunye nokunyamezela umthamo{1}}ngokwesiqhelo ±2%. I-BMS kunye ne-PCS kufuneka zinxibelelane ngeeprothokholi ezihambelanayo njengeModbus okanye ibhasi ye-CAN. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, qinisekisa ukuba indlela yakho yokudibanisa ayizishiyi iziqinisekiso zecandelo ngalinye. Iiprojekthi ezininzi ziye zadibana neengxabano zewaranti xa ababoneleli bebange ukusilela okubangelwe kukudityaniswa okungafanelekanga kunye namalungu eqela lesithathu. Izisombululo ezidibeneyo ezivela kubavelisi ababodwa zinciphisa le mingcipheko.
Iimfuno zomxholo wasekhaya zikuchaphazela njani ukufumana icandelo?
Umthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-US ubonelela nge-10-20% yeekhredithi zerhafu eziphezulu kwiiprojekthi ezisebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ekhaya. Amacandelo kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho ethile yomxholo wasekhaya: i-40% yeemveliso ezenziwe ngo-2024, inyuka ukuya kwi-55% ngo-2027. Amacandelo enziwe eKhanada abalwa njengasekhaya phantsi kwemithetho ye-USMCA. Abaphuhlisi beprojekthi kufuneka babonise ikhonkco lonikezelo lwasekhaya kunye noluthengwa kumazwe angaphandle ukumisela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yoqoqosho ngokusekwe kwindawo yabo yerhafu ethile kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo.
Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka zibenazo iinxalenye ze-BESS?
Izatifikethi eziphambili ziquka i-UL 1973 yeenkqubo zebhetri, i-UL 9540 yeenkqubo ezipheleleyo zokugcina amandla, kunye ne-UL 9540A yeprotocol yokuvavanya umlilo. Isiqinisekiso se-IEEE 1547 sibonisa ukuthotyelwa koqhagamshelo kwigridi. Izatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-IEC 62619 okanye uphawu lwe-CE luququzelela ukufunwa kwehlabathi. Ezinye izinto eziluncedo zigcina uluhlu lwabathengisi oluvunyiweyo olufuna iiprothokholi zovavanyo oluthile. Cela uxwebhu lwesatifikethi kwangoko kwinkqubo yokukhangela{9}}iiprojekthi ezininzi ezifunyenwe kade ukuba iindawo ezikhethiweyo ziswele iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo, kunyanzeliswe ukutshintshwa kweendleko okanye iinkqubo zovavanyo ezondisiweyo.
Ukuqhubela Phambili ngokuFumana
Izigqibo zokufumana icandelo zibumba uqoqosho lweprojekthi, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi kuyo yonke inkqubo yeminyaka eyi-15-20. Ubume bomhlaba buyaqhubeka nokuguquka njengoko amandla okwenza izinto esanda ngokwejografi kwaye kuvela ubugcisa obutsha.
Qwalasela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeprojekthi yakho malunga nobude bexesha, iipateni zokukhwela ibhayisikile, imiqobo yesiza, kunye nexesha xa uvavanya ababoneleli. Elona xabiso lisezantsi alisoloko lizisa eyona mbuyekezo yeprojekthi-ingakumbi xa iyantlukwano yokusebenza kakuhle, izinga lokuthotywa, okanye imigaqo yewaranti inefuthe elikhulu-kwixabiso lexesha elide.
Ukwakha ubudlelwane nababoneleli abaninzi kulo lonke isixokelelwano sonikezelo kubonelela ngokuguquguquka njengoko iimeko zemarike zitshintsha. Umphuhlisi omnye onamava ugcina ababoneleli abafanelekileyo kumazwekazi amathathu, ebavumela ukuba baphucule ukuthenga ngokusekwe kumaxesha angoku, amaxabiso, kunye namazinga otshintshiselwano lwemali.
Izigqibo zobugcisa ezenziwe ngexesha lokukhetha icandelo ziya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni kweprojekthi yakho kumashumi eminyaka. Ukuthatha ixesha lokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo iinketho, ukuvavanya amacandelo abalulekileyo, kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lokhuseleko lwekhontrakthi lungqina ukuba lufanelekile xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lomjikelo wobomi obusemngciphekweni.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili zokuThengwa kweCandelo:
Tshatisa ubunakho becandelo kwiimfuno zemeko ethile yokusetyenziswa (ubude bokukhutshwa, ukuphindaphindwa komjikelo, iimfuno zamandla)
Vavanya iindleko zizonke zomjikelo wobomi kuquka ufakelo, ilahleko esebenzayo, kunye nezinga lokuthotywa{0}}hayi nje ixabiso lokufunyanwa
Ukufaneleka ababoneleli abaninzi ngokwecandelo ngalinye ukugcina ukuguquguquka kwekhonkco lokubonelela
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-12-iinyanga ezili-18 zokuthengwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kuquka uvavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso
Qinisekisa imigaqo yewaranti ngononophelo, ngakumbi imida yokuphuma kunye neziqinisekiso zokusebenza
Qwalasela inkuthazo yemveliso yengingqi kunye nefuthe lazo kuqoqosho lweprojekthi
Qinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo aphethe izatifikethi ezifunekayo kulawulo lwakho kunye nonxibelelwano oluluncedo
Izivumelwano zesakhiwo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso, ukulibaziseka komonakalo, kunye neeprothokholi zovavanyo olucacileyo lokwamkelwa
Uphuhliso lweNtengo oluCetyisiweyo:
Iiseli zebhetri: Seka ubudlelwane nababoneleli aba-2-3 kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi
Uguqulo lwamandla:-ngaphambi kokuba bafanelekele abathengisi bePCS abahambelana neqonga lebhetri elikhethiweyo
Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo: Vavanya bobabini ababoneleli be-turnkey kunye neendlela zendibano yecandelo
IiNkqubo eziNcedisayo: Umthombo wezixhobo zokucima umlilo kunye nokubeka iliso kwangethuba kwisigaba soyilo
Uvavanyo kunye neSiqinisekiso: Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwaneleyo kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ngokuzimeleyo