Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ephucukileyo (AES), kumbindi wayo, yibhetri enikwe ingqondo. Leyo mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ilula yokuyibeka. Uthatha ibhetri -ngesiqhelo i-lithium- ion kwezi ntsuku, nangona ingasoloko{4}}kwaye uyidibanisa ne smartinkqubo yolawulo lwamandlaelaziyo ixesha lokubiza, ixesha lokukhupha, kunye nendlela yokwenza zombini ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla okanye imali. Inxalenye "ephambili" ayikho malunga nebhetri ngokwayo ibe yitekhnoloji yekamva. Imalunga nobukrelekrele obusongelwe kuyo.
Uninzi lwabantu ludibana neli gama xa bejonge kwizicelo zorhwebo okanye kwishishini. Cinga amaziko okuthenga, izityalo zokuvelisa, amaziko edatha. Iindawo apho amatyala ombane anokothusayo kwaye apho amaxabiso ombane afunwayo-ezo ntlawulo zisekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwakho okuphezulu{3}}zingenza ama-30 ukuya kuma-70 epesenti yeendleko zakho zizonke. Asiyo typo leyo. Ezinye izibonelelo zibhatala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu eyi-15 ephezulu yombane kunombane abawusebenzisayo.
Kutheni kukho impikiswano malunga nokuCheva okuPhakamileyo?
Apha kulapho i-AES ifumana ngokwenene ukugcina kwayo. Ingqikelelo ibizwa ngokuba yipeak shaving, kwaye ilula ngobuchule wakuba uyiqondile.
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womzi-mveliso oqhuba kakuhle ngokuzolileyo imini yonke. Emva koko, ngentsimbi yesi-2 PM, umoya womoya ukhaba kwigiya ephezulu, imigca emithathu yemveliso inyuka ngaxeshanye, kunye noomatshini bekofu begumbi lokuphumla bayabethelwa. Kangangemizuzu engamashumi amabini mhlawumbi, le ndawo itsala amandla ngokungathi akukho ngomso. Eso spike{4}}eso sikhewu sifutshane, sibizayo-yinto esetyenziswa lusetyenziso ukubala iintlawulo zemfuno zenyanga yonke.
I-AES ihleli apho, ibukele. Xa ifumanisa ukuba imfuno sele iza kudlula kumda omiselweyo, ithi cwaka iqalisa ukondla amandla agciniweyo kwisixokelelwano sombane sesakhiwo. Igridi ibona umzobo osicaba, ozinzileyo. I-spike iya "chetywa" iphele. Eli ziko lisindisa amawaka. Akukho mntu uqaphelayo ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na.
Isoftware eqhuba ezi nkqubo iye yaphucuka ngokumangalisayo. Izilawuli ze-AES zangoku zisebenzisa i-algorithms eqikelelwayo{1}}ngamanye amaxesha oyena matshini wokufunda{2}}ukulindela i-spikes yemfuno ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke. Bafunda iipatheni zesakhiwo. Bayazi ukuba iimvakwemini zangoLwesibini zinzima kunoLwesihlanu. Banika ingxelo ngoqikelelo lwemozulu. Ezinye iinkqubo zibanga ukuba zinciphisa imfuno ephezulu nge-30 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu, nangona i-mileage yakho iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili yakho yomthwalo.
UQhagamshelwano lokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC
Kulapho izinto ziba nomdla ngakumbi kuye nabani na okwishishini leziseko ezingundoqo ze-EV.
Itshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC zinamandla-izilo ezilambileyo. Itshaja enye engama-350 kW, esebenza ngokuthambeka ngokupheleleyo, inokugxininisa kwiziseko zoncedo lwegridi yasekhaya ngendlela isakhiwo se-ofisi esincinane esingenakuze sibe nako. Beka ishumi kubo kwisikhululo sokutshaja kuhola wendlela kwaye ujonge kwimfuno enokubakho ekhuphisana nesibonelelo esincinci semizi-mveliso. Igridi kaninzi ayikulungelanga oko, ngakumbi kwiindawo zasedolophini okanye phakathi -ezisemaphandleni apho isiseko esikhoyo sasilinganiswe kwizikhululo zerhasi kunye neendawo zokutyela, hayi imilinganiselo yombane yeemegawathi{6}.
Ufakelo lwe-AES kwiindawo zokutshaja zisebenzisa iinjongo ezimbini. Bakhusela impembelelo yegridi{1}}bagudisa ezo ziwisi zemfuno zobundlobongela xa izithuthi ezininzi ziplaga ngaxeshanye{2}}kwaye bacutha iindleko zemfuno ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zenze ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kungasebenzeli. Abanye abaqhubi babika ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokusebenza kweepesenti ze-70 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokongeza ukugcinwa kwebhetri. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kwesikhululo sokutshaja esinengeniso kunye nesopha imali.
Kukwakho nomcimbi osebenzayo wofakelo lwamaxesha. Ukufumana uqhagamshelo olululo lwegridi kwindawo-ephezulu yokutshaja amandla kunokuthatha iminyaka. Iminyaka!Ugcino lwebhetriivumela abaqhubi ukuba bavule iisayithi ngokukhawuleza, besebenzisa iziseko zombane ezikhoyo ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zingonelanga.
IChemistry yeBattery: Abarhanelwa abaQhelekileyo
I-Lithium-iyongamela imarike ye-AES, kwaye ayivalwanga ngokukodwa. Itekhnoloji iboleke ukuthembeka kwayo kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye nezithuthi zombane, apho yazibonakalisa khona kumashumi eminyaka. Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu. Ubomi bomjikelo omde{4}ezinye iinkqubo zithembisa iminyaka engama-20 yenkonzo eluncedo. Amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza alinganiswe ngee-milliseconds, hayi imizuzwana.
Kodwa i-lithium -iyoni ayikho ngaphandle kwempahla.
Ukubaleka kwe-thermal kuhlala kuyinkxalabo yokwenyani. Xa iiseli ze-lithium-zishushu kakhulu{2}}nokuba zivela kwiziphene, ukonakala emzimbeni, okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi{3}}zingena kwi-{4}}impendulo ezinzileyo ekunzima ukuyiyeka. Umlilo weMoss Landing eCarlifonia waba ngundaba-mlonyeni ekuqaleni kuka-2025, xa uluhlu lwebhetri lwe-300 MW lwazitshabalalisa ngokwalo kwaye lwanyanzela ukuba kukhutshwe abahlali abamalunga ne-1,500 abakufutshane. Ezi ziganeko zinqabile, kodwa azinqabile ngokwaneleyo ukuba nabani na angazikhathazi.
I-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry ivele njengeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo phakathi kwe-lithium -kusapho lwe-ion. I-iron phosphate -ibhondi zeoksidi zizinzile ngakumbi kune-cobalt{3}}ibhondi zeoksidi kwiiseli ze-lithium{4}}zesintu. Ngexesha lokuhlawula ngaphezulu okanye uxinzelelo lomzimba, iiseli ze-LFP zigcina ubume bazo apho ezinye iikhemistri zinokuqala ukukhulula ubushushu kwi-chain reaction. Iqondo lobushushu elibalekayo le-LFP lihlala malunga ne-270 degree, xa kuthelekiswa malunga ne-210℃yeebhetri ze-nickel manganese cobalt (NMC). Loo mahluko ubalulekile.
Kodwa nantsi imibimbi ekungathethwayo ngayo ngokwaneleyo: uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukuba iibhetri ze-LFP zivelise igesi enokutsha kakhulu- kuneebhetri ze-NMC xa i-thermal ibaleka. Irhasi ivutha kwiindawo ezisezantsi. Ke ngelixa i-LFP ingenako ukungena ekubalekeni kwe-thermal kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba iyenzeka, iziphumo zinokuthi zingabinabungozi njengoko zicebisa izixhobo zokuthengisa. Inzulu.
Iibhetri ezihambayo: uMdlalo omde
Iibhetri zokuhamba kwe-Vanadium redox zihlala kwi-niche engaqhelekanga enokuba likamva logcino lwegridi okanye engapheliyo nayo-iqhube, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubuza bani.
Itekhnoloji igcina amandla kwii-electrolyte ezingamanzi ezigcinwe kumatanki angaphandle. Ngaba ufuna umthamo ongakumbi? Yongeza nje iitanki ezinkulu. Amandla kunye nezixhobo zamandla adityanisiwe ngokupheleleyo, abukekayo ngokwembono yobunjineli. I-electrolyte ayohlisi indlela i-lithium-i-electrode ye-ion ezenza ngayo{4}}i-vanadium ibhetri yokuhamba kwayo inokujikeleza ngokungenasiphelo. Abanye abavelisi babanga ama-20,{7}} imijikelo enzulu yokukhupha ngaphandle kokuphelelwa amandla okubonakalayo. I-electrolyte inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwinkqubo entsha emva kweminyaka engama-25 yenkonzo.
Elona bhetri likhulu lehlabathi lokuhamba kwe-vanadium-175 MWh kunye nama-700 MWh ogcino-yavela kwi-intanethi e-Ushi, e-China, ekupheleni kuka-2024. Iiyure ezine zokukhupha. Igridi{7}}indlela yokwenza. Uhlobo lofakelo olwenza i-lithium-ion ikhuthaza uvalo kancinci.
Ngoko kutheni engasetyenziswanga wonke umntu?
Ukuxinana kwamandla ngumbulali. Iibhetri ezihambayo zininzi. Bafuna umhlaba omkhulu kwezo matanki e-electrolyte. Kusetyenziso oluphathwayo okanye indawo-ufakelo olunyanzelweyo lwasezidolophini, asisiso{4}}isiqalisi. Ixabiso lenkunzi yangaphambili liphezulu kune-lithium - ion, nangona abaxhasi bexoxa ngexabiso lilonke lobunini kwiminyaka engama-25 ithanda i-vanadium. Kwaye-licandelo elinzima{10}}phantse lonke{11}ubungakanani obubekiweyo buyenzeka e-China. Abavelisi baseNtshona bakhona, kodwa abakhuphisani ngesikali esifanayo. Ayikenzeki.
Ubuchopho obungasemva kwebhetri
A inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri(BMS) yinto eyahlula i-asethi yokugcina amandla elawulwayo kwi-liability enokwenzeka. Ijonga amandla ombane, okwangoku, kunye nobushushu kwiseli nganye ekwipakethi{1}}ngamanye amaxesha ngokwahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha ngokwamaqela abizwa ngokuba ziimodyuli. Iqikelela imeko yentlawulo (igcwele kangakanani ibhetri?) kunye nemeko yempilo (ingakanani umthamo oye wehla ngokuhamba kwexesha?). Ikhusela i-overcharge kunye ne-overdischarge. Iphatha ukulinganisa kweeseli, okubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba abantu abaninzi becinga.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli nakweyiphi na ibhetri ipakethe ziyahlukana. Ezinye iiseli zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunezinye. Abanye baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchasa ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, ezona seli zibuthathaka zinciphisa umthamo wepakethi enokusetyenziswa. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokulungelelanisa zisasaza intlawulo phakathi kweeseli. Iisistim zokulinganisa i-Passive balancing zopha intlawulo engaphezulu ukusuka kwiiseli ezomeleleyo de yonke into ilingane. Ayikho indlela egqibeleleyo. Zombini zingcono kunanto.
Ulawulo lobushushu ngomnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-BMS. Iibhetri zeLithium -zithiyile izinto ezigqithisileyo. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye i-chemistry iyancipha ukukhasa; kwiimeko ezinzima, ukutshaja iiseli ezibandayo kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye ukhawulezisa ukuthotywa{4} okanye okubi ngakumbi. I-BMS idibanisa kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa (umoya okanye ulwelo), izifudumezi, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwesakhiwo esibanzi ukugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kweefestile zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo.
Yintoni i-AES engenziyo
Kufanelekile ukucaca malunga nemida.
Iinkqubo zogcino lwamandla ezikumgangatho ophezulu aziyi kwandisa isixa sakho senkuthazo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zezaphulelo. Ziindleko ezifanelekileyo-ungazibandakanya kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi yakho-kodwa inkuthazo yokubala ayikhathali nokuba wongeze ugcino okanye hayi. Imeko yezemali ye-AES kufuneka izimele: ukucutha intlawulo yemfuno, ixesha{4}lo{5}}lokusebenzisa i-arbitrage, ixabiso lamandla eligcinayo, mhlawumbi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimarike zenkonzo yegridi ukuba uphucukile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungadlala loo mdlalo.
I-AES nayo ayiyi kulungisa iingxaki zeziseko ezingundoqo. Ukuba inkonzo yakho yombane ayonelanga ngenene, iibhetri zinokukuthengela ixesha{1}kodwa aziyondawo esisigxina yokuphuculwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo. Bagudisa iincopho; abadali isakhono ngento engekhoyo.
Kwaye akukho sixokelelwano sebhetri esilulondolozo-simahla, ngaphandle kokufunwa ngamabango entengiso. Uhlolo lonyaka. Uhlaziyo lwe-firmware ngamaxesha. Isiphelo{4}so{5}}sokubuyisela ubomi. Umthwalo we-O&M ukhaphukhaphu kunejenereyitha zedizili, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ayingoziro.
Iingcamango Ezimbalwa Ezilahlekileyo
Imakethi ye-AES ihamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba nantoni na ebhaliweyo namhlanje inokuvakalelwa kukuba ineminyaka emibini. Iibhetri zesodium -zingena kwincoko njengenye indlela ye-lithium engaxhomekekanga kwi-cobalt okanye, kakuhle, i-lithium. Iibhetri zelizwe eziSolid-zithembisa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko womlilo, nangona imiceli mngeni yokuvelisa ibagcinile "iminyaka embalwa" kude nentengiso. I-ayini{5}}ibhetri zomoya zinika isakhono esimnandi sokugcina-ixesha elide{7}}ixesha logcino etyeni{8}}ngexabiso elisezantsi{9}}ukuba ziyakwazi ukulungisa ubomi bomjikelo.
Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu ubuza ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokugcina amandla, impendulo enyanisekileyo yile: ibhetri ehlakaniphile. Ngokuqhelekileyo lithium. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhamba{2} kusekwe. Ihlala iqhagamshelwe kwisoftware ezama ukwandisa ixesha lokuhlawulisa, ixesha lokukhupha, kunye nendlela yokwenza uqoqosho lusebenze. Itekhnoloji ayibonanga bugqi{5}}ngumbane kuphela, ikhemistri, kunye nokubala okuninzi{6}}kodwa kwizicelo ezichanekileyo, inokuvakala ngathi.