Umfakeli welanga eSan Diego usixelela malunga nama-24-inkqubo yophahla lwephaneli ayigunyazise kunyaka ophelileyo. Iipaneli ezilishumi elinesibini zijonge emazantsi, ezisibhozo zijonge ngasentshona, kwaye ezine zazihlala phantsi komthunzi wetshimini iiyure ezintathu rhoqo emva kwemini. Nge-inverter yomtya, ezo paneli zine-shaded zazinokurhuqa yonke imveliso ye-array phantsi nge-15-20%. Ngama-microinverters, kuphela iipaneli ezinomthunzi ezingasebenzi kakuhle - ezinye ezingamashumi amabini zisebenza ngokuzeleyo. Inkqubo ivelise i-12% yamandla angaphezulu ngonyaka kunoko bekuqikelelwe i-string inverter quote. Kufakelo lwe-$28,000, loo 12% iguqulela malunga ne-$400 ngaphezulu kokonga umbane minyaka le kwiminyaka engama-25.
Leyo yinjongo yexabiso eliphambili le-solar micro inverter: ijika ipaneli nganye ibe yiplanti yamandla ezimeleyo, ikhuselekile kwiingxaki zabamelwane bayo.
Isebenza njani iSolar Micro Inverter
Isiguquli selanga esincinci sisixhobo esincinci - ubukhulu becala bulingana nencwadi esemva - exhonywe ngqo ngasemva kwephaneli nganye yelanga. Iguqula umbane we-DC (osebenza ngokuthe ngqo) oveliswe yila panel inye ube ngumbane we-AC (alternating current) ngoko nangoko, kanye kumthombo.
Kwinkqubo yokuguqula umtya wemveli, zonke iiphaneli zidibana kunye kuthotho kwaye zondle iziphumo zazo ezidityanisiweyo zeDC ukuya kwisiguquli esinye esikhulu. Ukuba nayiphi indawo yolawulo ayisebenzi kakuhle (umthunzi, ukungcola, ukungahambelani, okanye isiphene), inqanda umjelo kuwo wonke umtya - njengemoto ecothayo kuhola wendlela enye{2}}ixhasa imoto nganye ngasemva kwayo.
I-microinverter iyayiphelisa le ngxaki. Iphaneli nganye iguqula i-DC yayo ibe yi-AC ngokuzimeleyo. Iphaneli enomthunzi iphulukana nemveliso yayo kodwa inesiphumo esinguziro kwindawo yolawulo esecaleni kwayo.
Imveliso ye-AC esuka kwi-microinverter nganye ihamba ngocingo oluqhelekileyo lwe-AC ukuya kwindawo yombane yakho - akukho mitya ephezulu{1}}ye-voltage ye-DC ehamba phezu kophahla lwakho, akukho ndawo yokusilela, kwaye akukho ziphumo zeKrisimesi{2}}zokukhanya{3}} apho ipaneli enye embi ibulala yonke inkqubo.
IiNzuzo ezi-6 eziphambili zeSolar Micro Inverters
1. Ukuvunwa kwamandla aphezulu kwiiMeko ezingafezekanga
Akukho luphahla olugqibeleleyo. Imithi iyakhula, iitshimini zenza ithunzi, ii-dormers zenza iipokotho zomthunzi, kunye neepaneli kubuso obuhlukeneyo bophahla zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo imini yonke. I-Microinverters yenza ngokuzimeleyo i-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) kwiphaneli nganye, ikhupha i-voltage ephezulu kunye nekhoyo kwimodyuli nganye kungakhathaliseki ukuba abamelwane bayo benza ntoni.
Okwenyani{0}idatha yehlabathi iyayixhasa le nto. Uvavanyo lweshishini lubonisa iinkqubo ze-microinverter zivelisa i-5-25% yamandla amaninzi kuneenkqubo ezilinganayo ze-inverter zentambo kuphahla kunye ne-shading partial. Nakuphahla olungafakwanga mthunzi, ukunyamezelwa kokwenziwa kwephaneli (± 3-5% ukusuka kwisiphumo esilinganisiweyo) kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kubangela ukungahambelani okwaneleyo ukuba i-microinverters ifumane i-2-3% ngaphezulu kwee-inverters zentambo.
2. Ukhuseleko oluPhezulu - Akukho Phezulu{2}}IVoltge DC kuphahla lwakho
Inkqubo yoguqulo lweentambo iqhuba i-300–600V DC ngaphaya kweengcingo zophahla lwakho. Kumlilo okanye unxunguphalo, loo mandla ombane ahlala ephila okoko nje ukukhanya kwelanga kubetha iipaneli - ingozi enkulu kubacimi-mlilo nakubaninimzi.
I-Microinverters isebenza kwi-voltage ephantsi (30-60V DC ngephaneli nganye) kwaye iguqulela kwi-AC ngokukhawuleza. Xa isixokelelwano sicima, akukho nto igciniweyo ephezulu{3}}yevoltage DC naphi na eluphahleni. Oku kwanelisa ngokwendalo iimfuno ze-NEC 2017/2020 Ukuvala okuKhawulezayo (RSD) ngaphandle kokufuna izixhobo zokuvala ezongezelelweyo.
⚡ Ingcebiso yePro:Ukuba ukwindawo yolawulo enyanzelisa imodyuli ye-NEC 2020's{1}}inqanaba lokuvala ngokukhawuleza (ivoltage kufuneka yehle ngaphantsi kwe-80V ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 kunye ne-1V ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 kwimodyuli), ii-microinverters zithobela ngokuzenzekelayo. Iinkqubo zokuguqula umtya zidinga izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zeMLPE (izilungisi zamandla okanye izixhobo zokuvala) ukuhlangabezana nekhowudi efanayo - ixabiso elongezelelweyo le-$30–$60 ngephaneli nganye evala umsantsa wexabiso nge-microinverters.
3. Iphaneli{1}}iNqanaba lokuJonga
Yonke i-microinverter inika ingxelo ngesiphumo sephaneli yayo - yombane, yangoku, amandla, kunye nemveliso yamandla - kwiqonga lokujonga ngexesha lokwenyani. Ukuba indawo yolawulo enye yehla nge-30% kwimveliso, ubona ngqo ukuba yeyiphi indawo yolawulo kwaye unokuxilonga ukuba i-shading, ingcoliso, iseli eqhekekileyo, okanye umba wokudibanisa.
Nge-inverter yomtya, ubona imveliso yomtya iyonke. Ukuba imveliso iyehla, uyazi ukuba kukho into engalunganga kodwa hayi ukuba yeyiphi ipaneli. Ukucombulula ingxaki kufuna utyelelo lwendawo enezixhobo zovavanyo. Iziguquli zomtya zinokudityaniswa nezilungisi zamandla kwindawo yolawulo{3}}yenqanaba lokujongwa, kodwa oku kongeza ixabiso kunye nobunzima.
4. Iwaranti ende, ukuthembeka okungcono
Uninzi lwee-microinverters zithwala iwaranti yeminyaka engama-25{1}- ezingqamana newaranti yephaneli yelanga. Iziguquli zentambo zihlala ziphethe iwaranti yeminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-15, oku kuthetha ukuba uya kuthatha indawo yesiguquli sentambo kanye kanye ngexesha leminyaka engama-25 yobomi benkqubo yakho (ixabiso lokutshintsha: $1,000–$2,500 efakiweyo).
Idatha yokuthembeka ixhasa oku: izinga lokungaphumeleli kwe-microinverter liqhuba malunga ne-1 kwiiyunithi ze-800 kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala, xa kuthelekiswa malunga ne-1 kwi-350 ye-string inverters. Ukuphathwa kwamandla asezantsi ngeyunithi nganye kuthetha ukucinezeleka okuphantsi kwe-thermal, oyena mqhubi uphambili wokuthotywa kwecandelo lombane.
5. Easy System Ukwandiswa
Ukongeza iipaneli kwi-microinverter system kuqondile - faka iipaneli ezintsha, uqhoboshele ii-microinverters ezintsha, uqhagamshele kwiingcingo ze-AC ezikhoyo. Akukho -ubunjineli be-DC string voltages, akukho inverter imida yokukhathazeka malunga nayo.
Nge-inverter yomtya, ukongeza iipaneli kunokugqithisa umthamo we-inverter okanye ifestile ye-voltage, efuna inverter entsha ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenza iimicroinverters zibe lolona khetho lungcono kubaninimzi abaceba ukwandisa - ngakumbi njengeiinkqubo zokugcina amandlaukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wasekhaya kunye nokufuna umthamo othe kratya welanga ngokuhamba kwexesha.
6. Ukuhambelana noGcino lwebhetri
Iinkqubo zangoku zesola -kunye{1}}nogcino zidibanisa iimicroinverter kunye neAC{2}}iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zebhetri. I-microinverters iguqula i-DC kwi-AC kwinqanaba lephaneli, kwaye i-inverter yebhetri eyahlukileyo ilawula ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhanki yebhetri.
Olu lwakhiwo lunikezela ngobubhetyebhetye obupheleleyo bebhrendi - awutshixelwanga kwi-ikhosistim yomenzi omnye yesola kunye nogcino. Ngothelekiso oluneenkcukacha lokuba i-AC{2}}ezidityanisiweyo kunye ne-DC{3}}ezidityanisiweyo zezakhiwo ziyichaphazela njani inkqubo yakho yokugcina kunye neendleko, bona isikhokelo sethuzisebenza njani iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri.
I-Micro Inverter vs. Umguquli wentambo: Amanani
| Uphawu | I-Micro Inverter | Umguquleli womtya | Umtya + Izilungisi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iindleko ngewathi nganye (i-inverter kuphela) | $0.30–$0.50 | $0.10–$0.20 | $0.25–$0.40 |
| Ukusebenza kwencopho | 96–97.5% | 97–98.5% | 97–98.5% (i-inverter) |
| Ukunciphisa ilahleko yomthunzi | Kugqwesileyo ({0}}kwiphaneli MPPT) | Imbi (umtya{0}}inqanaba) | Ilungile (-iphaneli yolungiso) |
| Iqela lolawulo-lokubeka iliso kwinqanaba | Ewe (ibandakanyiwe) | Hayi | Ewe (ngesilungisi) |
| Iwaranti | Iminyaka engama-25 | I-12-15 iminyaka | Iminyaka engama-25 (i-optimizer) / i-12-15 iminyaka (i-inverter) |
| I-NEC yokuthotyelwa kokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza | Yakhelwe-ngaphakathi | Ifuna ukongeza{0}}kwi | Yakhelwe-ngaphakathi |
| Ukwandiswa kwenkqubo | Kulula (yongeza iipaneli + ii-microinverters) | Inzima (inokufuna inverter entsha) | Phakathi |
| Inqaku elinye lokusilela | Akukho (sasaziwe) | Ewe (enye inverter) | Ewe (enye inverter) |
| Inqanaba lokusilela (iminyaka emi-2) | ~0.13% | ~0.29% | ~0.29% (inverter) |
Xa ii-inverters zentambo zisaphumelela:Ukuba uphahla lwakho alukhuhli, - lujonge emazantsi, kwaye zonke iipaneli zikwinqwelomoya enye, inverter yomtya igcina i-$0.10–$0.20/watt ngemveliso efanayo. Kwinkqubo ye-10 kW, yi-$1,000–$2,000 yokonga kwangaphambili. Kodwa into ekutshintsheni umtya omnye ngonyaka we-12 (i-1,500 yeedola efakiweyo), kwaye umahluko weendleko zobomi uyancipha kakhulu.
Ezona zicelo zilungileyo zeSolar Micro Inverters
Uphahla lwezindlu ezimbaxa.Kaninzi -uphahla lwenqwelomoya, iindawo zokulala, izibane zezulu, iitshimini, kunye nemithi ejikelezileyo zonke zenza umbala ongaphelelanga. I-Microinverters isusa umthunzi{2}}ilahleko enxulumene nemveliso kwaye yandise i-ROI kwiphaneli nganye. Le yeyona meko inamandla kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwe-microinverters kwaye apho i-5-25% yokuvelisa imveliso ngaphezu kwe-string inverters ichazwa kakhulu.
-ufakelo loqhelaniso oluxutyiweyo.Iiphaneli ezisemazantsi, empuma, nasentshona zophahla zifumana izixa ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kwelanga imini yonke. Iziguquli zentambo ezineephaneli kwiindlela ezininzi zokuqhelaniswa neMPPT zichaphazeleka kwilahleko engafaniyo yeMPPT. I-Microinverters iphatha uqhelaniso ngalunye ngokuzimeleyo.
Iinkqubo ezincinci zophahla (ngaphantsi kwe-4 kW).Kwindlu yebalcony yesola, iinkqubo zophahla oluncinci, okanye ufakelo lweziqalisi, iimicroinverters zibonelela ngeplagi{0}}kwaye{1}}nokudlala ngokulula. Ezinye iimodeli zixhasa ukugunyaziswa kwe-DIY ngokusebenzisa ii-apps ze-smartphone ngaphandle kwezixhobo zoqwalaselo lobuchwephesha.
Iinkqubo ezinokwandiswa.Abanini bezindlu baceba ukongeza i-EV, impompo yokufudumala, okanyeindawo yokugcina ibhetrikwixesha elizayo ingaqala nge microinverter encinci inkqubo kwaye yandise indawo yolawulo{0}}nge-iphaneli njengoko iimfuno zamandla zikhula.
Ukhuseleko{0}ufakelo olubalulekileyo.Izikolo, izibhedlele, izikhululo zomlilo, kunye nezakhiwo ezikwindawo evutha umlilo-eqheleneyo ziyazuza kuthotyelo lwendalo olukhawulezileyo lokuvaleka kwe-microinverters kunye nokungabikho kocingo oluphezulu -lombane lwe-DC oluphezu kophahla.
Xa ungakhethi iMicro Inverters
Uphahla olukhulu lwezorhwebo ngaphandle komthunzi.I-100 kW uphahla lwentengiso oluthe tyaba olungenazithintelo kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwepaneli efanayo isetyenziswa ngcono yinkqubo yokuguqula umtya. Ugcino lweendleko kwisikali ($ 0.10–$0.20/watt × 100,000 watts=$10,000–$20,000) yodlula inzuzo yokuveliswa komda wee-microinverters.
Iindawo zobushushu obugqithisileyo.Ii-Microinverters zixhonywe ngasemva kweephaneli eluphahleni - eyona ndawo ishushu kwinkqubo. Ngelixa uninzi luphethe iireyithingi ze-IP67 kwaye lusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-65 degree, ubushushu obuzinzileyo bukhawulezisa ukuguga kwe-capacitor. Kwiimozulu zasentlango kunye namaqondo okushisa okuphahla ngaphezu kwe-80 degrees, ii-inverters zentambo ezifakwe kwiindawo ezinomthunzi ngaphantsi kophahla zingahlala ixesha elide.
Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali-lunyanzeliwe, ufakelo olulula.Ukuba unophahla olujonge emazantsi -olujongene ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluluqilima, i-inverter yomtya inikezela nge-97-98% yamandla nge-60-70% yexabiso le-inverter.
Ii-Micro Inverters ziDibanisa njani noGcino lwebhetri
Elona candelo likhawulezayo-elikhulayo lemarike yendawo yokuhlala yelanga lilanga-kunye{2}}nogcino, kwaye ii-microinverters ziyadityaniswa ngokwendalo ngokudityaniswa kwe-AC. I-topology isebenza ngolu hlobo:
Iiphaneli zelanga → iiMicroinverters → ibhasi ye-AC → Imithwalo yendlu / Igridi / isiguquli sebhetri → Ibhetri
I-microinverters kunye ne-inverter yebhetri isebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwibhasi ye-AC. Kananjalo akanyanzeli omnye. Unokukhetha nayiphi na ibhrendi ye-microinverter nayo nayiphi na inkqubo yebhetri - Enphase microinverters ngebhanki yebhetri yePolinovel LiFePO4, umzekelo.
Kuba abaninikhaya bevavanya nokubaukugcinwa kwebhetri yamandla elanga kunokunciphisa amatyala abo ombane, i-microinverter + AC -idityanisiwe yokwakha ibhetri ibonelela ngeyona ndlela ilula yokuphucula: faka i-solar kuqala, yongeza iibhetri kamva xa iireyithi ze-TOU okanye utshintsho lwemitha yemitha luthethelela utyalo-mali.
Ukuqonda iindleko ezipheleleyo zenkqubo kuquka ugcino lwebhetri, ufakelo, kunye{0}}nexesha elide iROI, bona ucazululo lwethu oluneenkcukachaiindleko zenkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Zihlala ixesha elingakanani ii-solar micro inverters?
Uninzi lwee-microinverters ziqinisekisiwe iminyaka engama-25 kwaye ziyilelwe ubomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-25–{2}}. Icandelo eliphambili lokugqoka i-electrolytic capacitor, ehla ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo aphezulu. Abavelisi bomgangatho basebenzisa ii-capacitors zefilimu okanye banciphise i-electrolytic capacitors ubomi obude.
Ngaba ndingaxuba iibhrendi ze-inverter ezincinci kunye neempawu zephaneli ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe. Ii-Microinverters zi-agnostic ngombane - zamkela uluhlu lwe-DC input voltages kunye nemisinga. Tshatisa umlinganiselo wegalelo lemicroinverter kwisixhobo sakho solawulo seVoc (evulekileyo-ivolthi yesekethe) kunye ne-Isc (emfutshane-yesetyhula yangoku) kolona bushushu bubandayo bulindelekileyo, kwaye naluphi na uhlobo lwendibaniselwano luyasebenza.
Ngaba ii-inverters ezincinci ziyasebenza ngexesha lokucima kombane?
Ii-microinverters eziqhelekileyo zivaliwe ngexesha lokucima kwegridi (anti{0}}ukhuseleko lwesiqithi). Nangona kunjalo, igridi{2}}esenza ii-microinverters (ezinje ngothotho lwe-Enphase IQ8) inokudala i-microgrid yendawo kunye nemithwalo ebalulekileyo yamandla ngexesha lokucima - kunye okanye ngaphandle kwebhetri. Esi sikhundla sixabiseke ngakumbi xa sidityaniswe neinkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetriukwenzela ugcino olwandisiweyo.
Ngaba ii-inverters ezincinci zinexabiso elongezelelweyo?
Kuphahla olunomthunzi okanye oluntsonkothileyo, ngokupheleleyo - i-5–25% yenzuzo yemveliso kunye newaranti yeminyaka engama-25{7} inika ubomi obungcono be-ROI kuneziguquli zeentambo ezinexabiso eliphantsi. Kuphahla olulula, olungenamthunzi, imeko yezemali isondele, kodwa ukhuseleko, ukubeka iliso, kunye nokwandiswa kweenzuzo zisabonelela ngexabiso. Ixabiso elinokubakho lokutshintshwa komtya omnye kwisithuba seminyaka engama-25, kwaye iyonke{8}}indleko{9}isithuba sobunini sicutheka ukuya kutsho ku-zero kwimiba emininzi.
Uyilo lwePolinovel lugqityiweiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetriiyahambelana nazo zonke iiplatifti ezinkulu ze-microinverter ngokudityaniswa kwe-AC. Nokuba uhlohla entsha yelanga{1}}kunye{2}}nenkqubo yokugcina okanye ukubuyisela iibhetri kuluhlu olukhoyo lwe-microinverter,qhagamshelana neqela lethu lobunjineliinkxaso yoyilo lwenkqubo kunye namaxabiso umthamo.