Ixesha elide-Ugcino lwamandla (LDES): Ubuchwephesha kunye nokuSetyenziswa

Ixesha elide-ugcino lwamandla (LDES) lubhekisa kwiisistim zogcino lwamandla ezinokuzisa umbane kwixesha elongeziweyo kunemizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa. ISebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) ngoku lichaza i-LDES njengendawo yokugcina ekwaziyo ukuhambisa umbaneIiyure ezili-10 nangaphezulu. Olunye uphando, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezikhokelo zemarike zisebenzisa imida eyahlukeneyo, ngoko ixesha kufuneka lithathwe njengemfuno yeprojekthi kuneleyibhile yehlabathi.

Umbuzo osebenzayo awukho ukuba iteknoloji enye "yeyona teknoloji ye-LDES." Kukuba ingaba isixokelelwano sogcino sinokubonelela ngamandla afunekayo ngexesha elifunekayo, ngexabiso elamkelekileyo{1}}lobomi bonke, kwindawo ekhoyo, ngeprofayile yomngcipheko iprojekthi inokuxhasa ngemali kwaye isebenze.

Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa iintsapho eziphambili zeteknoloji ye-LDES, ichaza ukuba ixesha libalwa njani, libonisa apho ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kunokudala ixabiso, kwaye libonelela ngesakhelo sesigqibo sezinto eziluncedo, abaphuhlisi abahlaziyiweyo, i-microgrids, kunye nabasebenzisi bamandla oshishino.

Yintoni Ixesha elide-Ugcino lwamandla?

I-LDES yinkqubo yokugcina amandla eyenzelwe ukukhupha amandla agciniweyo ixesha elide. Inkcazo yenkqubo yangoku ye-DOE isebenzisa umda weIiyure ezili-10 nangaphezulu. I-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), nangona kunjalo, iqaphela ukuba ixesha elide-ugcino aluchazwa ngumda omnye omileyo kushishino nophando. Yingakho inani elichanekileyo leeyure kufuneka liboshwe kwingxaki yokusebenza.

I-DOE ikwasebenzisa isakhelo esibonisa ukuthunyelwa esahlula ugcino kwithuba-elifutshane,{1}}losuku,{2}}iimini ezininzi, kunye nezicelo zamaxesha onyaka. Kweso sikhokelo, ixesha elifutshane-ugcino luyi-0–10 iiyure, phakathi{7}}ngosuku lwe-LDES ziiyure eziyi-10–36,{10}}iimini ezininzi ze-LDES ziiyure ezingama-36–160, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwexesha lonyaka kuqala ngaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-160. Ezi bhendi ziluncedo ekucwangcisweni kwenkqubo, kodwa azikho imida yeteknoloji yendalo yonke.

Kubafundi abafuna umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwamandla kunye namandla agciniweyo, isayithikW vs. kWh isikhokeloicacisa ubudlelwane obufanayo kwizinga elincinci.

Libalwa Njani Ixesha LokuGcina Amandla?

Ubude bexesha logcino ludibanisa umthamo wamandla osebenzisekayo wenkqubo kumandla ayo okukhupha:

Ubude bexesha logcino=amandla asetyenziswayo (MWh) ÷ amandla okukhutshwa (MW)

Umzekelo, iprojekthi ene-1,000 MWh yamandla asebenzisekayo kunye ne-100 MWh yokukhupha ireyithingi inexesha lethiyori:

1,000 MWh ÷ 100 MW=10 iiyure

Olu balo lulula sisiqalo, ayisosiqinisekiso sokusebenza esipheleleyo. Ubude bexesha lokusebenza bunokuchatshazelwa yimeko-ye{2}}yemida yentlawulo, imithwalo encedisayo, ilahleko yokuguqulwa, ubushushu, ukuthotywa, ubuncinci bemigangatho yokusebenza, kunye nokuba iprojekthi kufuneka igcine umda wogcino.

Lo mahluko ubalulekile ngexesha lokuthenga. Iprojekthi kufuneka ichaze into efunekayoiyasebenzisekaI-MWh kwinqanaba lamandla elifanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza kunokuthembela kuphela kwinani le-nameplate yamandla.

Kutheni Kufuneka ixesha elide-uGcino lwaMandla?

Ityala le-LDES livela kukungalingani kwamandla okuhlala ixesha elide kunesiqhelo -ugcino lwexesha elifutshane lunokugqunywa ngokoqoqosho okanye ngokusebenza. Imveliso yelanga inokugqithisa imfuno phakathi kwemini kwaye iwele kwi-zero emva kokutshona kwelanga. Imveliso yomoya inokuhlala ibuthathaka iiyure ezininzi okanye, kwezinye iinkqubo, iintsuku ezininzi. Iisayithi zemizi-mveliso kunye nee-microgrids zisenokufuna ukuvala ukucima okanye ukunyanzelwa kwamafutha okuba ngaphezu kwefestile yeyure ezine{4}}yebhetri.

Ukutshintsha Amandla Ahlaziyekayo Ngapha KweNcopho Yangokuhlwa

Ibhetri yeeyure ezine{0}isenokulungela ukuhamba emva kwexesha{1}}emini ngelanga ukuya ngokuhlwa. Ukuba utshintsho olufunekayo lunwenwela ngobusuku okanye ngentsasa elandelayo, iprojekthi idinga umthamo omkhulu wamandla kwimveliso ye-MW efanayo. Apha kulapho ubuchwephesha obunamandla asezantsi -amaxabiso omthamo, ubomi bomjikelo omde, okanye iireservoirs ezinkulu zinokukhuphisana ngakumbi.

Ingqiqo yokusebenza efanayo iyasebenzaukutshintshwa komthwalo ngokugcinwa kwamandla: ixabiso lokugcina lixhomekeke kwimilo kunye nobude bomthwalo kunye nokusasazeka kwexabiso, kungekhona nje ukufakela i-MWh engaphezulu.

UkuXhasa amandla kunye nokuthembeka kweGridi

Iinkqubo zamandla zifuna umthamo owaneleyo oxhomekeke ekufezekiseni imfuno xa ukuveliswa okuguquguqukayo kuphantsi. I-LDES inokuba negalelo xa umnatha ophezulu{1}ixesha lomthwalo lithatha ixesha elide kunencopho emfutshane, kodwa isixa sexabiso lesakhono sixhomekeke kwinkqubo yendawo, ulungelelwaniso lwemozulu, uthumelo, imithetho yemarike, kunye nokwenzeka ukuba amandla agciniweyo azakubakho xa efuneka.

Ubude bexesha elide ke ngoko luncedo kuphela xa ingxaki yenkqubo inde ngokwenene. I-asethi yeeyure ezingama-20 ayidali ixabiso elongezelelweyo ukuba isicelo sihlala sidinga iiyure ezine kuphela.

Ukunciphisa Ukucuthwa okuVuselelwayo

Ugcino lunako ukubamba umbane onokuthi ngenye indlela ucuthwe kwaye uwukhuphe kamva. Ithuba libaluleka ngakumbi xa amaxesha onikezelo oluhlaziyiweyo kunye nemfuno ephezulu yahlulwa ngeeyure ezininzi. Izinto eziluncedo ezithathela ingqalelo le meko yokusetyenziswa kufuneka zivavanye i-LDES ecaleni kokwandiswa kothumelo, imfuno ebhetyebhetye, utshintsho lwesizukulwana, kunye nesiqhelo esifutshane{2}} sogcino lwexesha kunokuphatha ugcino njengeyona ndlela yodwa.

Ukomelela kwiiMicrogrids kunye neMithwalo eBalulekileyo

Ukugcinwa ixesha elide-ixesha lamandla linokuxhasa iigridi ezikude, iindawo zemizi-mveliso, iikhampasi, amaziko edatha, kunye neziseko ezingundoqo ngexesha lophazamiseko olwandisiweyo. Ayenzi, ngokwayo, ukudala isakhono sogcino. Uyilo olomeleleyo lukwafuna ii-inverters ezifanelekileyo okanye izixhobo zokuguqula amandla, ulawulo, isakhono sesiqithi, ukhuseleko, isicwangciso sokuqalisa esimnyama{3} apho kuyimfuneko, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wogcino ochaziweyo.

Kwindawo-yenqanaba lolwakhiwo, bona isikhokelouyilo lwenkqubo yokugcina ibhetri yemicrogrid.

Iindidi eziphambili zoGcina amandla{0}Exesha elide

I-LDES ithatha iintsapho ezininzi zetekhnoloji. Inkqubo ye-DOE's Storage Innovations 2030 ivavanya iindlela ze-electrochemical, mechanical, thermal, kunye neekhemikhali, ngelixa iprojekthi ye-IEEE eqhubekayo ye-P1679.5 iphuhlisa isikhokelo sovavanyo olunenjongo{3}}lobude beteknoloji yokugcina kwizicelo ezimileyo. Ukusukela ngo-Agasti 2026, iP1679.5 yiI-PAR esebenzayo, hayi umgangatho oshicilelweyo wokugqibela we-IEEE.

Iibhetri ezihambayo

Iibhetri ezihambayo zigcina izinto ezisebenzayo kwii-electrolyte ezingamanzi ezigcinwe kwiitanki zangaphandle kwaye zizijikelezise ngeemfumba ze-electrochemical. Uyilo lwabo lunokuvumela umthamo wamandla kunye nezixhobo zamandla ukuba zilinganiswe ngokuzimeleyo kuneenkqubo ezininzi zebhetri eziqhelekileyo. I-Vanadium redox flow yeyona -ikhemistri eyaziwayo yorhwebo, kodwa ezinye iikhemistri ezinamanzi kunye{3}}zingenamanzi nazo ziphantsi kophuhliso.

Lo mahluko phakathi kovimba wamandla kunye nesitayile samandla sinomtsalane{0}ixesha elide logcino olumileyo, ngakumbi xa ukhwele ibhayisekile rhoqo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Urhwebo- luquka iimpompo, iitanki, ulawulo lwe-electrolyte, unyawo, udibaniso lwesixokelelwano, kunye nekhonkco lonikezelo elingaphantsi kwe-lithium{3}} ion.

Kuvavanyo lwebhetri ka-2023 ye-DOE's 2023, ireferensi ye-100 MW/10-yeyure ye-vanadium flow system isebenzise i-65% yokujikeleza{9}}ingqikelelo yohambo olufanelekileyo kunye nesiseko se-electrolyte ye-10,000 yomjikelo. Lawo ngamagalelo ovavanyo, hayi ingcaciso yabathengisi bendalo yonke, kodwa abonisa ukuba kutheni ubomi bomjikelo kunye nokulinganiswa komthamo wamandla kunokubaluleka kangangoko kuqoqosho lwe-LDES.

Pumped-Storepower Hydropower

Umbane oPumped{0}}ugcino lwamanzi (PSH) uhambisa amanzi phakathi kwamadama kumphakamo owahlukileyo. Umbane usetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi ukuya phezulu; xa umbane ufuneka, amanzi abuyela umva ngee turbines ukuvelisa umbane.

I-PSH yeyona nto isetyenziswayo{0}}yexesha elide{1}}lokugcina ubuchwephesha. I-DOE inika ingxelo yokuba ugcino olumponthiweyo ngoku lumele esona sabelo siphambili sokusetyenziswa kwe-US{5}}isikali samandla{6}}umthamo wogcino kwaye siyichaza njengobuchwephesha borhwebo obuphambili{7}}ugcino lwexesha elide. Uthelekiso lweyure olusemgangathweni lwe-PNNL oluyi-100 MW/10{12}}lusetyenziswe malunga nama-80% ukuya nokubuya{14}}uhambo olufanelekileyo kunye nengqikelelo yekhalenda yobomi engama-60 yePSH.

Isithintelo sikwindawo. Iprojekthi enomtsalane ngokobuchule isafuna ukuphakama okufanelekileyo, ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, isicwangciso-qhinga samanzi, iimeko ze-geotechnical, ufikelelo lothumelo, uphononongo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nomda wexesha lophuhliso olunokuba lude kakhulu kuneebhetri zemodyuli.

Umzekelo wesikali sekhonkrithi, iSikhululo seDominion Energy's Bath County Pumped Storage eVirginia sine-3,003 MW yomthamo wokuvelisa kwaye sisebenze ngokurhweba ukususela ngo-1985. Ibonisa isikali kunye nobomi obude obunokwenzeka nge-PSH, kodwa nesayithi{3}}iziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu ezibandakanyekayo.

Exinisiweyo-Ugcino lwamandla omoya

Ugcino lwamandla omoya oluxinisiweyo (CAES) lusebenzisa umbane ukucinezela umoya ukuze lugcinwe kwaye kamva lwandise loo moya ngenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla{1}}. Olunye uyilo lusebenzisa imiqolomba yetyuwa engaphantsi komhlaba okanye olunye ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lwejoloji, ngelixa iikhonsepthi ezintsha zilandela ezinye iinqanawa okanye imijikelo ye-thermodynamic ephezulu.

I-CAES inokunika amandla amakhulu kunye nobomi obude bokusebenza, kodwa iprofayili yayo yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo ixhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo lwezityalo. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-diabatic zingasebenzisa amafutha ngexesha lokukhupha, ngelixa i-adiabatic okanye i-isothermal concepts ijolise ekunciphiseni okanye ukuphepha loo mfuneko. Ugcino lwejoloji lunokwenza ukuba indawo ibe ngumqobo oqinisekileyo.

Ugcino lwaMandla eThermal

Ugcino olushushu luguqula amandla abe bubushushu okanye ukubanda kwaye luwagcine kwizinto ezifana neetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo, amatye, isanti, amanzi, inqanaba{0}}lokutshintsha imathiriyeli, okanye enye imidiya. Amandla e-thermal agciniweyo angasetyenziselwa ubushushu bemizi-mveliso, amandla esithili, ukupholisa, okanye aguqulwe abe ngumbane.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-thermal kunokuba nomtsalane ngakumbi kuba kuthintela ukuguqulwa okungeyomfuneko ukubuyisela umbane. Umbane-ukuya{2}}kumbane wogcino lwe-thermal ungasebenza ixesha elide-usetyenziso lwegridi, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nolungiselelo lweplanti yohluka kakhulu ngokobuchwephesha. Ngesi sizathu, "ugcino olushushu" akufuneki lucatshulwe njengenani lehlabathi jikelele.

IHydrojeni kunye nolunye uGcino lweMichiza

Umbane unokuguqulwa ube yi-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, igcinwe, kwaye kamva isetyenziswe kwiseli yamafutha, i-injini yomoya, i-injini, inkqubo yoshishino, okanye okunye ukusetyenziswa kokuphela. Izithwali zamandla ekhemikhali zibalulekile ngakumbi xa ixesha logcino lisiba lide kakhulu okanye xa ixabiso leprojekthi lixanana -nosetyenziso lwecandelo ukongeza kugcino lombane.

Olona rhwebo{0}}lucinyiweyo kukuguqula kakuhle. Uthelekiso olusemgangathweni lwe-PNNL luka-2022 lusetyenziswe malunga ne-31% ukujikeleza{4}}ubuchule bohambo kulungiselelo logcino lwe-hydrogen oluphindwe kabini, olungaphantsi kakhulu kune-lithium{5}}iion okanye i-hydro pumped. Inzuzo enokubakho ayiyompumelelo; kukukwazi ukugcina ubuninzi bamandla ixesha elide xa indawo yokugcina kunye neziseko zifanelekile.

ILithium-Iyoni kunye nezinye iibhetri

I-Lithium-iyoni ayibandakanywanga kwi-LDES. I-Lithium -iyoni ichaza ikhemistri; I-LDES ichaza ubude kunye nokusetyenziswa. I-lithium - inkqubo ye-ion ingenziwa iiyure ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu, nangona uqoqosho, ulwandiso, ulawulo lwe-thermal, ukuthotywa, unyawo, kunye neemeko zewaranti zibaluleke kakhulu njengoko ixesha lamandla liphakama.

I-PNNL's esemgangathweni eyi-100 MW/10-uthelekiso lweyure lubekwe i-lithium{4}}iion LFP kunye ne-NMC malunga ne-84% yokujikeleza{5}}uhambo olufanelekileyo, olungaphezulu kune-flow-ibhetri kunye nolungelelwaniso lwe-hydrogen kwidathasethi efanayo. Loo nzuzo yokusebenza ibalulekile, kodwa ayiqinisekisi eyona LCOS iphantsi kumjikelo ngamnye womsebenzi.

Ngothelekiso olubanzi lwekhemistri, bonaiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri yokugcina amandla.

Ukuthelekisa i-LDES Technologies

Itheyibhile engezantsi yireferensi yesigqibo, hayi iphepha lenkcazo yomthengisi. Ubude bexesha bujoliswe kwisicelo{1}}, ngelixa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namanani obomi kufuneka ajongwe ngokuchasene noyilo lwenkqubo oluchanekileyo. Apho amaxabiso okusebenza kwamanani aboniswayo, abhekisa kuthelekiso olusemgangathweni lwe-PNNL lwe-100 MW/10 yeyure ukusuka kuvavanyo lwayo luka-2022, olusebenzise igalelo lentsebenzo yexesha lika-2021. I-PNNL ngoku igcina uhlaziyoIindleko zokuGcinwa kwamandla kunye neDatabase yokuSebenzangeendleko zangoku kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenza.

Ixesha elide-Ugcino Lwexesha Elide vs. Lithium{2}}Iibhetri zeIon

I-LDES isoloko iboniswa njengenye indlela ye-lithium - ion, kodwa oko kuyileka akuphelelanga. I-Lithium-iyoni yenye itekhnoloji yokhetho ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina ebanzi. Uthelekiso oluchanekileyo luphakathi kolungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lweprojekthi oluhlangabezana namandla afanayo, amandla, ubude bexesha, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ukuthembeka, kunye neemfuno zesiza.

Apho iLithium{0}}Iyoni ineNcedo

• Ukusebenza kohambo oluphezulu{0}}lokujikeleza.
• Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla awomeleleyo{0}}ukulawula amandla.
• Ukusasazwa ngokwemodyuli kunye nokukhawuleza.
• Isiseko esikhulu sokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nesixokelelwano esidibanisayo esisekiweyo.
• Amava okusebenza abanzi kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo ezithengiswayo.

Kutheni ixesha elide litshintsha uLwakhiwo lweendleko

Njengoko ixesha linyuka, iprojekthi idinga i-MWh engaphezulu kwi-MW nganye yamandla okukhutshwa. Kwinkqubo yebhetri, oko kuthetha ukongeza iiseli ezininzi, iiracks, izikhongozeli, izixhobo zolawulo ezishushu-, kunye namanye amandla{2}}ayeleleneyo. Kubuchwephesha obufana neebhetri eziqukuqelayo, i-hydro pumped, okanye i-CAES, isigcinamandla esongezelekayo sisenokwenyuka ngokwahlukileyo kwisixhobo sokuguqula amandla{4}.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ifakelwe i- $/kWh iyodwa yimetric yesigqibo esingaphelelanga. Le projekthi ikwafuna ukunika ingxelo ngokuhlawulisa amandla, ilahleko esebenzayo, ukuhamba rhoqo kweebhayisikile, ukutshintshwa okanye ukwandiswa, i-O&M ezinzileyo neguquguqukayo, ukuxhaswa ngemali, ubomi beprojekthi, kunye nexabiso lentsalela.

Yeyiphi eyona LDES iluncedo?

Usetyenziso{0}}Isikali esiVuselelwa uHlaziyo

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nabaphuhlisi abahlaziyekayo banokusebenzisa{0}}ixesha elide lokugcina ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kumoya ophezulu okanye imveliso yelanga ukuya kumaxesha amade emfuno ephezulu. Ubude bexesha elifunekayo kufuneka lisuke kwimveliso yolandelelwano kunye nomzekelo womthwalo endaweni yokujoliswa kweeyure eziyi-10, ezili-12, okanye ezingama-24.

Kulwakhiwo lweprojekthi olubanzi, indawo yesizainto eluncedo{0}}isikali sogcino lwezisombululoiphepha libonelela ngenyathelo elilandelayo eliluncedo.

Ixesha elide lePeak kunye neNkxaso yoMmandla

Ezinye iinkqubo zifumana imfuno ephezulu yenethi ixesha elide kunencopho eqhelekileyo yangokuhlwa. Kwezi meko, i-LDES inokunciphisa ubungakanani besizukulwana esifunekayo kuphela kwiimeko eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo. Ixabiso lesakhono kusafuneka livavanywe ngokuchasene nemithetho yemarike yasekhaya kunye neendlela zokuvunywa.

Iigridi ezikude kunye neMicrogridi

Iisistim ezikude ezinothutho olulinganiselweyo kunye nokwahluka kwamafutha kunokuzuza kugcino oluthatha imveliso eguquguqukayo ehlaziyekayo kunye nokunciphisa inani leeyure ekufuneka ziqhube iijenereyitha ezithunyelwayo. Ubude bexesha obuchanekileyo buxhomekeke kumthwalo wokwenyani weyure, imveliso yelanga okanye umoya, ulungiselelo lwepetroli, kunye nokuthembeka ekujoliswe kuko.

Amandla oShishino kunye neziSeko ezinguNdoqo eziBalulekileyo

Iindawo zemizi-mveliso zinokuxabisa ukutshintsha kwamandla, ulawulo lwebango, ukudityaniswa okuhlaziyekayo, ubushushu benkqubo, ukomelela, okanye indibaniselwano yezi. Itekhnoloji yokugcina kufuneka ikhethwe malunga nefomu yokwenene yamandla kunye neshedyuli yokusebenza. Inkqubo ye-thermal inokubonelelwa ngcono kugcino lwe-thermal kunokuguqula umbane ube yibhetri kwaye emva koko ubuyele ebushushwini.

Iintsilelo ezininzi-zeMihla eziVuselelwa kwakhona

Ukugcinwa kweentsuku ezininzi-kunokunceda ukugubungela ixesha elide lemveliso ephantsi ehlaziyekayo, kodwa ikhuphisana nothumelo, imfuno ebhetyebhetye, ukwakhiwa ngokugqithisileyo kwesizukulwana, ukuveliswa okuthunyelwayo, kunye nezinye iindlela zomthamo oqinileyo. Ucwangciso lwenkqubo kufuneka luthelekise iiphothifoliyo, hayi itekhnoloji yodwa.

Izibonelelo zokuGcina amandla{0}Exesha elide

• Ukutshintsha amandla amade:Amandla agciniweyo angahanjiswa ngobusuku,{0}}phakathi kwemini, okanye{1}}intsuku ezininzi.
• Usetyenziso olungcono olunokuhlaziywa:enye ngenye indlela{{0}isizukulwana esincitshisiweyo sinokugcinelwa ukusetyenziswa kamva.
• Inkxaso yesikhundla:Ukukhutshwa okude kunokuhlawula ixesha elongeziweyo le-net efunekayo apho ii-asethi ezimfutshane zinokuphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukwahluka kwetekhnoloji:Iiprojekthi azikhawulelwanga kwikhemistri yebhetri enye okanye indlela enye yokugcina.
• Anokuthi asezantsi amandla omda{0}ixabiso lokukwazi:Ezinye izakhiwo zinokwandisa indawo yokugcina amandla ngaphandle kokukala onke amacandelo amandla ngokomlinganiselo.
• Ubomi obude be-asethi kwiiteknoloji ezikhethiweyo:Iinkqubo zogcino lwasekuhlaleni kunye nezoomatshini zinokuba nobomi bekhalenda obude kuneenkqubo ezininzi ze-electrochemical.

Imingeni kunye neMida

EzoQoqosho: Sebenzisa i-LCOS, Hayi Kuphela Phambili $/kWh

Iindleko ezifakiweyo nge-kWh nganye ziluncedo, kodwa ayifaki uqoqosho olupheleleyo lweprojekthi ye-LDES. I-PNNL ichaza inqanaba lexabiso logcino (LCOS) njengexabiso lobomi bonke-{2}}ngeyunithi{3}}nge{4}}ekhutshiweyo{5}}yemetric yamandla enokubandakanya ubomi bekhalenda, ubomi bomjikelo, ubunzulu bokukhutshwa, i-O&M, ukutshintshwa, ukulungiswa, inkxaso-mali, kunye nezinye iindleko zeprojekthi.

I-2026 peer -uphononongo oluhlaziyiweyo oluthelekisa i-adiabatic CAES, impompe -ugcino lwamandla obushushu, kunye ne-lithium - ion kwi-24 yeemeko zafumanisa ukuba i-LCOS yokubeka itshintshile kunye nommandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwimeko; Ukujikeleza{5}}uhambo olufanelekileyo kunye neeyure zonyaka ezipheleleyo{6}}zomthwalo zaziphakathi kweendleko eziphambili zabaqhubi. Eso sisikhumbuzo esiluncedo sokuba itekhnoloji ayinakubekwa kwindawo ngokuzimeleyo ukuba iya kusebenza kangaphi kwaye iza kusebenza phi.

Ngebhetri{0}}izixhobo zexabiso elithile, bona indawoIsikhokelo seendleko ze-BESS.

Ubuchule bubalulekile, kodwa ayisompendulo epheleleyo

Ukujikeleza-ubuchule bohambo bulinganisa ukuba angakanani amandla ombane afunyenweyo xa kuthelekiswa namandla asetyenzisiweyo ukuhlawulisa inkqubo yokugcina. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunciphisa ilahleko yokutshaja, kodwa ayivelisi ngokuzenzekelayo elona xabiso liphantsi lobomi.

Uphando oluthelekisa ubugcisa be-LDES obukhulayo bugxininise ukunyathela komhlaba, ilahleko engasebenziyo, ukumodareyitha, ukulinganisa, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nendlela iindleko zenkunzi ezitshintsha ngayo ixesha elide. Itekhnoloji esezantsi-yokusebenza kakuhle isenakho ukukhuphisana ukuba inamandla aphantsi kakhulu-ixabiso lesakhono, ubomi obude, ukuzikhulula{3}}okuphantsi, okanye umjikelo womsebenzi onemijikelo embalwa yonyaka.

Ukuhlala kunye nokuvumela

Ubuchwephesha be-LDES bunokuba yindawo enkulu-ikhethekileyo. I-hydro emponthiweyo ifuna i-topography efanelekileyo kunye nolungiselelo lwamadama. I-CAES engaphantsi komhlaba inokuxhomekeka kwimiqolomba yetyuwa okanye enye igeology eyamkelekileyo. IHydrojeni inokufuna imiqolomba yokugcina, ukucinezelwa, imibhobho, okanye iinqanawa ezikhethekileyo. Iibhetri ezihambayo zifuna itanki kunye neenyawo zesityalo. Iinkqubo ze-thermal zinokufuna imidiya enkulu yokugcina, i-insulation, kunye nokudibanisa ubushushu beshishini.

Imiqobo yesiza kufuneka ijongwe phambi kokuba kwenziwe imodeli yezemali eneenkcukacha. Ngaphandle koko, iqela leprojekthi linokuchitha iinyanga lilungisa itekhnoloji engenakuvunyelwa ngokwenyani okanye yakhiwe kwindawo leyo.

Ukukhula kweTekhnoloji kunye nokuBhankisha

Ukusebenza kobugcisa yinxalenye enye yokulungela urhwebo. Ababolekisi, abanini-inshorensi, abanini, kunye neekontraka ze-EPC banokuphinda bavavanye imbali yokusebenza, amandla omthengisi, imimiselo yewaranti, iziqinisekiso zokusebenza, izibophelelo zokubuyisela, ubungqina bokhuseleko, amandla enkonzo, iimbekiselo zeprojekthi, kunye-nobunzulu bokubonelela.

Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba ubuchwepheshe obuqolileyo bunokuhlala bunomtsalane naxa enye indlela evelayo ibonakala ingcono kwilabhoratri enye okanye imodeli yemetriki.

Ukhuseleko kunye noManyano lweNkqubo

Iimfuno zokhuseleko ziyahluka ngokwekhemistri kunye nezakhiwo. Iiprojekthi zebhetri zifuna iseli efanelekileyo-inqanaba kunye nenkqubo{2}}ukhuseleko lwenqanaba, ulawulo lobushushu, ubhaqo, iqhinga locinezelo, ulawulo, kunye nocwangciso lukaxakeka. IHydrojeni,{4}}iisistim zobushushu obuphezulu, umoya ocinezelekileyo, kunye nemisebenzi emikhulu yoluntu nganye yazisa iingozi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zemvume.

Kwiiprojekthi zebhetri kwiimarike ezisebenzisa imigangatho yokhuseleko yase-US, isikhokelo sesayithi sivuliweIsiqinisekiso se-UL se-BESSinikeza umxholo owongezelelweyo. Amaqela eprojekthi kusafuneka aqinisekise eyona khowudi kunye nemigangatho efunwa ngumasipala onegunya lolawulo.

Indlela yokukhetha iTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yokuGcina amandla eLide{0}Ixesha elide

1. Chaza ingxaki yamandla.

   Chaza umsebenzi ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza: tshintsha ubushushu belanga emini ebusuku, gubungela incopho yeeyure ezili-12, xhasa igrid ekude, bonelela ngeentsuku ezintathu zogcino, ukunciphisa ukuncipha, okanye ukubonelela ngobushushu kwimizi-mveliso.

2. Bala amandla kunye namandla asebenzisekayo.

   Umzekelo we-MW efunekayo kunye ne-MWh kwindawo yoqhagamshelo. Cacisa ukuba ngaba inkqubo kufuneka inikeze amandla apheleleyo kulo lonke ixesha okanye ilandele iprofayili yokukhutshwa okuguquguqukayo.

3. Umzekelo womjikelo womsebenzi.

   Qikelela imijikelo ngosuku okanye ngonyaka, ixesha lokugcinwa eliqhelekileyo phambi kokukhutshwa, ubunzulu bokukhutshwa, iimfuno zokugcinwa, kunye namaxesha alindelekileyo okungasebenzi. Uqoqosho lwemihla ngemihla-lokuhamba ngebhayisikile lwahluke kakhulu kuxakeka okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamaxesha onyaka.

4. Imiqobo yesiza sekhusi.

   Jonga umhlaba, ijoloji, amanzi, uqhagamshelo, uphononongo lokusingqongileyo, iimfuno zokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nobomi{0}}, ufikelelo lwezothutho, imibhobho, kunye nokuvumela kwangaphambili phambi kokuzibophelela kuluhlu olufutshane lobuchwepheshe.

5. Thelekisa{0}}bonke ubomi bezoqoqosho.

   Sebenzisa isakhelo sezemali esiqhelekileyo esibandakanya izixhobo zamandla, indawo yokugcina amandla, ukudibanisa, ukutshaja amandla, ilahleko esebenzayo, ukuthotywa, ukunyusa, ukutshintshwa, i-O & M, ukuxhaswa ngemali, iirhafu, ukuchithwa, kunye nexabiso elishiyekileyo apho kufanelekileyo.

6. Uvavanyo lwebhanki.

   Phonononga amandla emali yomthengisi, iinqwelo zokusebenza, iziqinisekiso, iziqinisekiso zokusebenza, uxanduva lwe-EPC,-inkonzo yexesha elide, ii-spare parts, i-inshurensi, kunye nokwamkelwa kombolekisi.

7. Qhuba iimeko zovakalelo.

   Vavanya ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa amaxabiso ombane, ukusetyenziswa, iindleko zenkxaso-mali, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukutshintshwa kwexesha, ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi, okanye ixesha{0}} lifuna utshintsho. Uqoqosho lwe-LDES lunovakalelo ngakumbi malunga nokuba i-asethi isetyenziswa rhoqo kangakanani kwaye ubungakanani bamandla afunekayo ngokwenene.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo malunga ne-LDES

"I-LDES luhlobo lwebhetri"

Hayi. Iibhetri yintsapho enye ye-LDES teknoloji. Oomatshini, i-thermal, gravitational, kunye nogcino lwekhemikhali lunokunika{2}}ixesha elide amandla.

"Nantoni na engaphezu kweeyure ezili-10 ingcono ngokuzenzekelayo"

Hayi. Iiyure ezilishumi ziluncedo kwi-DOE, ayisosiqinisekiso sexabiso. Ixesha elongezelelweyo lidala ixabiso kuphela xa igridi okanye umthengi efuna amandla ongezelelweyo agciniweyo.

"Eyona teknoloji isebenzayo isoloko ilungile"

Hayi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kuchaphazela iindleko zokutshaja, kodwa i-LCOS ikwaxhomekeke ekusebenziseni, kumjikelo kunye nobomi bekhalenda, ugcino{1}}ixabiso eliphakathi, i-O&M, ukutshintshwa, inkxaso-mali, kunye nobomi beprojekthi.

"I-LDES ibonelela ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okugcina"

Hayi. Umsebenzi wogcino luxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lombane, ulawulo, isiqithi, ukhuseleko, ugcino -ugcino lwamandla,-ukuqala okumnyama{2}ubuchule bokuqalisa apho kuyimfuneko, kunye nomthwalo ekufuneka uhlale unamandla.

"I-Lithium{0}}Iyoni ayinakuba yi-LDES"

Oko kuqina kakhulu. I-Lithium-iyoni ingamiselwa ixesha elide-lokusebenza. Umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba olo lungelelwaniso luhlala lukhuphisana ngokobuchwephesha, ngokwemali, nangomsebenzi kumjikelo womsebenzi ofunekayo.

Isiphelo: Qala ngeNkonzo yaMandla afunekayo

Ixesha elide{0}}ugcino lwamandla ayilogqatso lokuchonga ikhemistri yebhetri ephumeleleyo. Lusapho lweetekhnoloji ezisombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwizikali zexesha ezahlukeneyo.

Iprojekthi eyilelwe ukuhambisa amandla elanga ukusuka emini emaqanda ukuya ezinzulwini zobusuku yahluke kakhulu kweyenzelwe ukusinda kwintsilelo yeentsuku ezintathu ezinokuthi zihlaziyeke. Eyokuqala ingakhetha{2}}indlela esebenzayo yeemodyuli ezijikeleza yonke imihla. Eyesibini ingabeka ixabiso elithe xhaxhe kumthamo ophantsi{4}}wexabiso eliphantsi, ukukhupha{5}}okuphantsi, amadama amakhulu, okanye ubomi obude kakhulu bogcino.

Ezona projekthi zinamandla zeLDES ke ngoko ziqala ngamanani amathathu:amandla afunekayo, amandla asebenzisekayo, kunye nexesha elifunekayo. Nje ukuba ezo zichazwe, abaphuhlisi banokuthelekisa itekhnoloji kwizinto ezimisela ukuba iprojekthi inokwakhiwa ngokwenene, ixhaswe ngemali, iqhutywe, kwaye ihlawulwe ubomi bayo obupheleleyo.