Uqoqosho lweendawo zokuhlalaUkutshaja kwe-EVzixhomekeke kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezisebenzisana ngeendlela abafane bachaze ngazo abavelisi. Ubume bexabiso lombane, ukuhlawulisa ilahleko yehardware esebenzayo, ukuntsokotha kofakelo, kunye nesithuthi{1}}intlawulo eyodwa yokwamkelwa kweentlawulo zonke zidibene ukuvelisa ezona ndleko zohlukanayo-ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu{3}}ukusuka kwilula "phinda-phinda i-kWh yakho ngomlinganiselo wakho" izibalo ezilawula abathengi{4}}ezijongene noncwadi. Esi sikhokelo sijongana nezo zikhewu ngedatha ethatyathwe kwiifayile eziluncedo, imigangatho yobuchule be-DOE, kunye nemilinganiselo yendawo ukusuka kufakelo lweendawo zokuhlala kuzo zonke iindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.
Ibhili yakho yoMbane ixoke kuwe (Uhlobo lwe)
Ndichithe iinyanga ezimbini ndilandelela iindleko zam zokutshaja ngaphambi kokuba ndiqonde ukuba inani elikwityala lam eliluncedo laliphantse lingabinantsingiselo yokuqonda ukuba imoto yam indibiza malini.
Nantsi ingxaki. Uninzi lwabathengi beendawo zokuhlala e-US bahlawula amaxabiso aphantsi. I-500 kWh yakho yokuqala inokubiza i-$0.08. I-500 elandelayo ixabisa i-0.12 yeedola. Yonke into engaphezu kwe-1,000 kWh iqhuba i-$ 0.18 okanye ngaphezulu. Ke xa umntu ebuza "yintoni ireyithi yakho yombane?" impendulo enyanisekileyo "kuxhomekeke ekubeni umfazi wam uqhube i-AC izolo."
Ukongeza i-EV kwindlu esele ikwinqanaba lesibini okanye lesithathu kuthetha ukuba i-kWh nganye oyifakileyo kule moto iza kwindawo yakho.umdaireyithi-eyona iphezulu uyihlawulayo. Umntu osebenza naye eSan Diego ufumanise ukuba ukutshaja kwakhe “kungabizi” ikhaya ngokwenene kwakuxabisa i-$0.42/kWh ngenxa yokuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-SDG&E linoburhalarhume kwaye impompo yakhe yokubhukuda sele imtyhalele apho.
Ixesha-lokusebenzisa{1}}(TOU) izicwangciso zitshintsha le calculus ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphantsi kwe-TOU, uhlawula iireyithi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke xa usebenzisa umbane. Amazinga aphezulu (ngokwesiqhelo 4-9 PM) angabetha i-$0.35-0.55/kWh eCalifornia. I-Off-peak (ngokuqhelekileyo i-11 PM ukuya kwi-6 AM) iyancipha ukuya kwi-$ 0.08-0.15. Ithuba le-arbitrage licacile: hlawulisa ubusuku bonke, hlawula isahlulo sesithathu sexabiso lentlawulo yemini.
Kodwa-kwaye akukho mntu uyikhankanyayo le-ukutshintshela kwi-TOU kuchaphazela eyakhoindlu yonke. Loo mthwalo wempahla ngo-5 PM? Ngoku ixabisa ngokuphindwe kathathu. Umatshini wokuhlamba izitya emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa? Kuyafana. Ndibukele iintsapho zitshintshela kwi-TOU nge-EV yazo kwaye zigqibe ukuhlawulaKaninzingokubanzi kuba abazange balungise eminye imikhwa yabo.
Intshukumo esebenza ngokwenene: fumana imitha eyahlukileyo yokutshaja kwe-EV ukuba into oyisebenzisayo iyakunika. I-PG&E's EV-ireyithi ye-B, umzekelo, ibonelela ngemitha enikezelweyo kwi-flat $0.22/kWh izinga nokuba liliphi ixesha. Akukho midlalo, akukho shedyuli yokuhlamba iimpahla, akukho nto imangalisayo. Ukufakela kuqhuba i-$ 200-400 ngokusebenzisa i-utility. Ikufanele oko.
I-15% Akukho mntu uthetha Ngayo
Isibonisi semoto yakho sithi wongeze i-50 kWh. Imitha yakho yombane irekhoda i-58 kWh. Yaya phi enye i-8 kWh?
Ukuhlawula ilahleko. Ziyinyani, azinakuphepheka, kwaye zikhulu kunokuba abantu abaninzi belindele.
Ifiziksi: Amandla e-AC ukusuka eludongeni lwakho kufuneka aguqulwe abe yiDC ukutshaja ibhetri. Olo tshintsho luvelisa ubushushu. Ibhetri ngokwayo ivelisa ubushushu ngelixa isamkela intlawulo. Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal yemoto iqhuba iifeni kunye neepompo ukulawula obo bushushu. Konke oku kusebenzisa umbane ongafikeleli kwibhetri yakho.
Uvavanyo lweLebhu yeSizwe yase-Idaho ifumene iNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo lisuka kwi-85-}94%, ngokuxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu bendawo. Imozulu ebandayo ngumbulali-kwi-20℃F, ilahleko inokugqithisa i-20% ngenxa yokuba imoto kufuneka ishushu ibhetri ukuze yamkele intlawulo ngokufanelekileyo. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima ngexesha leMinnesota ngoFebruwari xa "intlawulo epheleleyo" ngobusuku yayiyi-85% kuphela kuba imoto ichithe iyure ifudumeza ipakethi ngaphambi kokuba ivume okwangoku.
Izithuthi zikaTesla zidla ngokufikelela ekupheleni kokusebenza kakuhle (90-94%) ngenxa yolawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal. Amagqabi ama-Nissan amadala anokupholisa ahlala kwindawo esezantsi. Uninzi lwee-EVs zanamhlanje zidibanisa malunga ne-88-90% kwiimeko ezipholileyo.
Kuthetha ukuthini oku kwisipaji sakho: ukuba umbane uxabisa i-$0.12/kWh kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto yakho ngama-88%,esebenzayoizinga yi $0,136/kWh. Kwibhetri engama-75 kWh, leyo yi-$1.20 eyongezelelweyo kwintlawulo epheleleyo. Ngaphezu konyaka wokutshaja rhoqo, sithetha i-150-200 yeedola kwiilahleko ezingabonakaliyo. Hayi intlekele, kodwa akukho nto.
Amanani Okwenyani avela kubaqhubi benene
Ndivavanye abanini be-EV abangama-47 kwiklabhu yabanini basekhaya. Nantsi eyona nto bayihlawulayo:
Ukutshaja ekhaya (cimile{0}incopho ye-TOU):$ 0.03-0.05 ngemayile nganye. Isiphelo esiphantsi ngumnini we-Model 3 e-Nevada enezinga eliphezulu le-NV Energy. Isiphelo esiphezulu siqhelekile kwizixhobo zaseCalifornia.
Ukutshaja ekhaya (umlinganiselo othe tyaba):$ 0.04-0.08 ngemayile nganye. Amazwe aseMidwest anombane ophantsi alawula isiphelo esiphantsi. Iipaseji zaseMntla-mpuma ezinesiseko segridi yelifa zityhala isiphelo esiphezulu.
Ukutshaja kwindawo yokusebenza:$0.00{3}}0.04 ngemayile nganye. Ewe, intlawulo yasimahla yendawo yokusebenza ikhona. Iya inqabile njengoko iinkampani ziqonda iindleko zombane, kodwa iikhampasi zetekhnoloji kunye nabaqeshi abathile abacinga phambili basanikezela.
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kawonkewonke:$ 0,12-0,25 ngemayile nganye. Kulapho ixabisa khona. I-Electrify America ibiza i-$ 0.43 / kWh kwiimarike ezininzi. Uhambo lwendlela lunokuxabisa ngaphezulu ngemayile nganye kunomxube.
Umthengisi othe wandothusa: omnye umnini uhlawulisa kuphela kwizikhululo zeChargePoint zasimahla kwivenkile yakhe yegrosari. Amaxesha ohambo lwakhe lokuthenga lungqamana nokutshaja, mhlawumbi ufumana iimayile eziyi-15-20 zohambo ngalunye, kwaye uthi akawuhlawuleli umbane emotweni yakhe iinyanga ezisibhozo. Oko kukuzibophelela kwi-frugality andikwazi ukuhambelana.
Iindleko zokuFakelo: Apho iMathematika iFumana khona
Itshaja ngokwayo inexabiso eliphantsi. Iyunithi eqinileyo ye-40-amp Level 2 iqhuba i-$ 400-600. Ufakelo? Kulapho izinto ziba nzima khona.
Ndathetha nabasebenzi bombane abane ngaphambi kokuba ndifumane omnye ongafuni kundihlawulisa i-1,800 yeedola ngokufakela "umgangatho". Ibhidi ephumeleleyo ingene nge-$650, isuka kumfo owenze itshaja 200+ efake itshaja ye-EV kwaye ebeyazi kakuhle into ayenzayo. Iibhidi eziphulukeneyo bezivela kumagcisa ombane ngokubanzi ebekucaca ukuba kukhuselwe ukungaqiniseki.
Imiba emisela ngokwenene ixabiso:
- Umthamo wephaneli.Le yeyona inkulu. Iphaneli ye-100-amp esele isebenza kumbindi we-AC, isomisi sombane, kunye neminye imithwalo embalwa ye-240V isenokungabi nayo indawo yesekethe ye-EV ye-40-amp. Panel upgrades ukuya 200 amps run $2,000-4,500 ngokuxhomekeke iimfuno eziluncedo yakho kunye namazinga abasebenzi basekuhlaleni. Ndive amabali amasikizi e-$6,{11}} kumakhaya amadala apho inkonzo yokungena idinga ukutshintshwa.
- Umgama ukusuka kwindawo yolawulo ukuya kwitshaja.Yonke inyawo yocingo yongeza iindleko. I-25-foot run yam ixabisa malunga ne-$ 150 kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ukubaleka kweenyawo ezili-100 ukuya kwigaraji evaliweyo? Kathathu loo nto, kunye nomsebenzi wokugalela okanye ukuqhuba umjelo.
- Iimfuno zemvume.Eminye imimandla ifuna imvume kunye nokuhlolwa kweesekethe ezintsha ze-240V. Abanye abakwenzi oko. Imvume ngokwayo iqhele ukuba yi-50-150 yeedola, kodwa ukucwangciswa kokuhlolwa kunokongeza iiveki kuluhlu lwakho lwexesha.
- Iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo.Unayo i-240V yokuphuma kufutshane nendawo yakho yokupaka{1}}mhlawumbi eyewelder okanye ibhafu endala eshushu? Unokukwazi ukufaka iplagi kwi-EVSE ephathekayo kwaye utsibe ukufakela okuqinileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ndiyamazi umntu oqhuba iTesla Mobile Connector kwindawo yokomisa ephinde yasetyenziswa. Isebenza kakuhle.
Iqhinga elinye elingaqhelekanga elagcina ummelwane wam i-800 yeedola: wafaka itshaja ngokwakhe (kukufaka nje ibhokisi kunye nokudibanisa iingcingo ezintathu) kwaye wayenombane ukuba enze umsebenzi wepaneli kwaye aqhube intambo. Abasebenza ngombane bahlawula iprimiyamu "yokufakela ngokupheleleyo" nangona ukuxhoma i-EVSE kuthatha imizuzu elishumi.
Ixesha lokuBuyisa: Ukubala wonke umntu akalunganga
Ndibone abaxhasi be-EV bebanga ishaja yasekhaya "ihlawula ngokwayo kwiinyanga ezintandathu." Ndikhe ndabona abantu abathandabuzayo besithi "ayinakuze ivakale ngokwemali." Bobabini benza izibalo ezingalunganga.
Uthelekiso oluchanekileyo alukho "ukutshaja kwekhaya vs. ipetroli." Yinto "ukutshaja ekhaya vs nantoni na obuya kuyenza ngenye indlela." Ukuba uya kuhlawulisa kwiitshaja zasimahla emsebenzini, kunjalo, itshaja yendlu yindleko emsulwa. Ukuba usebenzisa i-$0.43/kWh izikhululo ze-Electrify America, itshaja yasekhaya ihlawula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubala kwam, kuba abantu bahlala bebuza:
Ixabiso lokutshaja: $500 (Grizzl-E, hardwired)
Ukufakela: $650 (ifumene isicatshulwa esihle)
Utyalo-mali lulonke: $1,150
Ukuqhuba ngonyaka: ~ 12,000 yeemayile. Ukusebenza kwemoto: 3.5 miles / kWh. Ngama-3,430 kWh/ngonyaka.
Iindleko zokutshaja ekhaya: $0.11/kWh × 3,{2}} $377/ngonyaka
Enye indlela yokutshaja kawonke-wonke: $0.35/kWh × 3,{2}} $1,200/ngonyaka
Ugcino lonyaka: $823. Intlawulo: iminyaka eyi-1.4.
Ngoku thelekisa nepetroli. Imoto yam endala ine 32 mpg. Kwi-$ 3.50 / gallon, i-12,000 yeekhilomitha zibiza i-$ 1,312. I-EV kumaxabiso asekhaya ixabisa i-377 yeedola. Leyo yi-$935/ngonyaka ekongeni amafutha{10}}kodwa "intlawulo" yefreyimu iba ngumnqa kuba uthelekisa yonke into ethengiweyo yemoto, hayi izisombululo zokuhlawulisa kuphela.
Impendulo enyanisekileyo: ukuba uqhuba iimayile ezaneleyo kwaye unemilinganiselo yombane efanelekileyo, intlawulo yendlu yenza ingqiqo enkulu yezemali xa kuthelekiswa nayo nayiphi na enye indlela. Ukuba uqhuba iimayile ezingama-5,000 ngonyaka kwaye unokufikelela kwintlawulo yasimahla kwenye indawo, ukuseta ikhaya akunakuze kuhlawule.
Ukwahluka kwamaxesha kunye nezinye izinto ezicaphukisayo
Akukho mntu undilumkisile ukuba amatyala am ombane wasebusika angatsiba ama-40% nangona ndandiqhuba iimayile ezifanayo.
Zintathu izinto ezidibanayo kwimozulu ebandayo. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwebhetri kuyehla-i-lithium{2}}ikhemistri ye-ion ayisebenzi kakuhle ngaphantsi kwe-40℃F. Ukusebenza kwam ehlotyeni kwe-4.0 mi/kWh kuba yi-2.8 mi/kWh ngo-Januwari. Okwesibini, ukufudumeza kwe-cabin kwi-EV ngumthwalo wombane, ungachithi ubushushu obuvela kwi-injini. Ukuqhuba isifudumezi ngokuqhushumba ngokupheleleyo kunokunciphisa uluhlu ngama-25-35%. Okwesithathu, ilahleko yokutshaja iyanda ngenxa yokuba imoto kufuneka ifudumale ibhetri ngaphambi kokuba yamkele intlawulo.
Amanani ekusebenzeni: iindleko zombane zam zika-Agasti zemoto zazimalunga ne-28 yeedola. NgoJanuwari yayiyi-52 yeedola. Ukuhamba okufanayo, isimbo sokuqhuba esifanayo, imoto enye. Ifiziksi nje isebenza ngokuchasene nam.
Ihlobo linesohlwayo salo kwiindawo ezishushu. Umthwalo we-AC ungaphantsi koburhalarhume kunokufudumeza, kodwa awukho simahla. Kwaye ukuba upaka ngelanga elithe ngqo, ulawulo lobushushu bebhetri luqhuba nangona imoto ihleli, ikhupha kancinci intlawulo (kwaye ixabisa imali oza kuyitshintsha).
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kuyanceda. Uninzi lwee-EVs zikuvumela ukuba ufudumale okanye upholise imoto ngelixa ixhunyiwe, ngoko ke amandla avela kwigridi endaweni yebhetri. Oku kugcina uluhlu lokuqhuba. Ndingene kumkhwa wokubangela oku kwi-app imizuzu eli-15 ngaphambi kokuba ndihambe ngeentsasa ezibandayo.
Into Endizoyixelela Umhlobo
Umntu emsebenzini usanda kuthenga iHyundai Ioniq 6 kwaye wandicela ingcebiso yokutshaja. Nantsi into endiyithethileyo:
Musa ukungxamela ukufaka itshaja yasekhaya. Phila ngetshaja ye-120V ekhohlisayo kangangenyanga. Jonga ukuba iipatheni zakho zokuqhuba zisebenza njani. Ungafumanisa ukuba iNqanaba loku-1 lokutshaja lizanele iimfuno zakho{5}}ininzi labantu abaqhuba i-30-40 yemayile yonke imihla benza kakuhle ngayo, kwaye usandula ukugcina i-$1,{8}}
Ukuba ufuna iNqanaba lesi-2, fumana iikowuti ezithathu ubuncinane. Umahluko kumaxabiso ekontraka yombane awunangqondo. Kwakhona buza uncedo lwakho malunga naziphi na izaphulelo{3}}ezininzi zibonelela ngee-500-1,000 zeedola ezibhekiselele kufakelo lwe-EVSE abantu abalushiya etafileni kuba bengazi ukubuza.
Jonga kwiinketho zakho zombanengaphambiliuqala ukutshaja rhoqo. Umahluko phakathi kwereyithi yokuhlala esemgangathweni kunye ne-EV-ireyithi ye-TOU ephuculweyo ingaba yi-$50/ngenyanga. Kodwa kufuneka uqhubele phambili ucele utshintsho lwexabiso{4}izinto eziluncedo aziyi kukutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo.
Tsiba i-WiFi{0}}itshaja evuliweyo ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ngenene ukutshaja okucwangcisiweyo kumaxabiso e-TOU. Iimpawu "ezihlakaniphile" ubukhulu becala ngamaqili. I-$400 yetshaja esisimumu evela kwi-Grizzl{4}}E okanye iLectron iya kukunceda kunye neyunithi eqhagamshelweyo yee-$800 kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.
Kwaye okokugqibela: ungagxininisi malunga nokwenza yonke ipeni yokugqibela. Ewe, ukutshaja nge-11 PM endaweni ye-8 PM konga imali kwiireyithi ze-TOU. Kodwa ukuba uyalibala ngamanye amaxesha kwaye uhlawule phezulu, awuyi kubhanga. Uqoqosho lulonke lokutshaja kwe-EV luthandeka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nepetroli kangangokuba ukugqibelela akufuneki. Tshaja xa kufanelekile. Hlawula kancinci ngamanye amaxesha. Ilungile.
Undoqo, kuba ndiyazi ukuba yile nto uyiskrolelayo:uninzi abanini EV ngekhaya ukutshaja bahlawula $0.03-0.06 ngemayile nganye kumbane. Eso sisithathu ukuya kwikota yexabiso lepetroli. Ufakelo kunye nezixhobo ziqhuba i-$ 800-2,500 ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yombane. Ukubuyisela kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1-3 kubaqhubi abaqhelekileyo. Emva koko, ugcina imali yonke imayile enye.
Izibalo ziyasebenza. Akusondezwanga, ngokunyanisekileyo. Ubunzima bukwinkcukacha-yesiphi isicwangciso somlinganiselo, yeyiphi itshaja, yeyiphi isifakeli{3}}kodwa uqoqosho olusisiseko luthanda ukutshaja kwe-EV yasekhaya ngomda obanzi kuye nabani na oqhuba ngaphezulu kwe-8,000 yemayile ngonyaka.
Ngaba inexabiso eliphantsi njengoko abanye abathetheleli besitsho? Hayi, wakube unika ingxelo ngelahleko esebenzayo kunye nolwakhiwo lwereyithi eyinyani. Ngaba ibiza kakhulu kunokuba abantu abathandabuzayo bacebisa? Kwakhona akukho. Inyaniso iphakathi ngendlela ekruqulayo: inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunepetroli, inexabiso eliphantsi kunexabiso likawonke-wonke, kwaye utyalo-mali lwangaphambili lufanelekile. Ayisosigqibo esihexayo eso, kodwa siso esichanekileyo.