Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetrizibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla. Zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, iindleko, kunye nokuthembeka{1}}kwexesha elide.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zebhetri ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje. Ezi ziqukai-lithium -i-ion, i-lead -iasidi, i-sodium -i-ion, iibhetri eziqukuqelayo, i-sodium -isulfure, i-nickel{4}}i-cadmium, i-zinc{5}}umoya, kunye ne-slid{6}}ibhetri yelizwe.Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zisebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo{1}}ezinobuzaza. Ezinye zakhelwe iimeko ezibalelayo ezinje ngogcino olubandayo okanye igridi{3}}usetyenziso lwesikali.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha ibhetri efanelekileyo akusoloko kulula. Ukuba ukhetha uhlobo olungalunganga, iingxaki zinokulandela. Iindleko zinokunyuka. Ubomi buba bufutshane. Ukusebenza kunokungazinzi kwiprojekthi ye-BESS yokwenyani{4}.
Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri.
Yintoni iNkqubo yokuGcina amandla ebhetri (BESS)
Nantsi indlela elula yokuyibeka. Inkqubo igcina amandla xa amandla ekhona. Thatha amandla elanga, umzekelo. Emini, inokugcinwa. Kamva, xa imfuno inyuka okanye inikezela kwehla, inkqubo isebenzisa loo mandla.
Ufundo oluNxulumeneyo:Ingaba ukugcinwa kwebhetri kumandla ahlaziyekayo kusebenza njani?
Kutheni le nto ukukhetha iChemistry yeBattery eyiyo ye-BESS ibalulekile?
- Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugcina ibhetri, ibhetri yenza ngaphezulu kwe-60% yeendleko zenkqubo iyonke.
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zebhetri zisebenza ngeendlela zazo. Abanye bahlala ixesha elideer. Ezinye zibiza kancinci. Ezinye zingcono kwiimeko ezithile, njengamaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ibhetri ikwayila indlela esebenza ngayo isistim ekuhambeni kwexesha. Oko kuthetha izinto ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle, ixesha lokuphila, kunye neemfuno zokulondolozwa.
Ngoko ke, ukuqonda iintlobo zebhetri linyathelo lokuqala ekukhetheni isisombululo kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amandla.
Iintlobo ze-8 zeebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiiNkqubo zokuGcina amandla
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla namhlanje.
Nganye yenzelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo{0}}ezinye zijolise kwiindleko, ezinye kubude bobomi, kwaye ezinye ekusebenzeni kwiimeko ezibango.
Ukwenza izinto zibe lula ukuthelekisa, nantsi isishwankathelo esikhawulezileyo:
| Uhlobo Lwebhetri | Ixabiso leNqanaba | Umsebenzi wobomi | Amandla Angundoqo | Eyona meko yokusetyenziswa |
| Lithium -ibhetri ye-ion | Phakathi–Phakamileyo | Ixesha elide (3,000–5,{3}}) | Ukusebenza okulinganayo | Urhwebo, ilanga, ishishini |
| Lead{{0}ibhetri yeasidi | Phantsi | Mfutshane | Iindleko eziphantsi zangaphambili | Iinkqubo ezincinci, i-backup |
| Isodium -ibhetri ye-ion | Phakathi | Phakathi–Mde | Ukusebenza ngamandla{0}}kweqondo eliphantsi | Ukugcinwa okubandayo, ngaphandle |
| Ibhetri equkuqelayo | Phezulu | Inde kakhulu (10,{1}}) | Ixesha logcino-elide | Igridi-isikali, iyahlaziyeka |
| Ibhetri yesodium -yesulphur | Phezulu | Inde | Imveliso ezinzileyo enkulu- | Uncedo{0}}iiprojekthi zesikali |
| Ibhetri yeNickel{0}}yecadmium | Phezulu | Inde | Isebenza kwiimeko ezinzima | Iimekobume ezirhabaxa |
| Zinc{0}ibhetri yomoya | Phantsi (okunokwenzeka) | Ilinganiselwe | {0}ixabiso eliphantsi izixhobo | Ubuchwephesha obusakhulayo |
| Ibhetri yemeko eqinileyo- | Phezulu kakhulu | I-TBD |
Ukhuseleko oluphezulu olunokwenzeka
|
izicelo zexesha elizayo |
Ngoku makhe sijonge ngakumbi kudidi ngalunye lwebhetri.👇
ILithium{0}}Iibhetri zeIyoni
Iibhetri zeLithium{0}}ayilulo uhlobo olunye. Baza kwiikhemistri ezahlukeneyo.
ILithium eqhelekileyo{0}}Iintlobo zeIon
- I-LFP (iLithium Iron Phosphate) – Iyaziwa ngokukhuseleka nokuhlala ixesha elide.
- I-NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) – Inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ngoko ixinene ngakumbi.
- I-NCA (i-Nickel Cobalt Aluminium) - Inomthamo ophezulu wamandla kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimoto zombane.
- I-LTO (i-Lithium Titanate) -Inika ubomi obude kakhulu kwaye inokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
- I-LCO (i-Lithium Cobalt Oxide) - Inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu. Kodwa ayihlali ixesha elide. Kwaye ukuzinza kwe-thermal kuphantsi.
- I-LMO (iLithium Manganese Oxide) - Ikunika uzinzo olululo lwe-thermal kunye nokusebenza kwamandla owomeleleyo. Kodwa ubomi bufutshane kune-LFP okanye i-NMC.
Uncedo oluphambili lwelithium -ibhetri zeion
- Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu -Iibhetri ze-LFP zihlala zigcina i-120 ukuya kuma-200 eewatt{3}}iiyure ngekhilogram. I-NMC inokunyuka ukuya kuma-250. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungapakisha amandla amaninzi kwindawo encinci.
- Ubomi bomjikelo omde -Iibhetri ze-LFP zihlala zihlala kwi-3,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 yebhayisikile okanye ngaphezulu. Inde kakhulu kunelead-asidi.
- Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo -Zinokufikelela kwi-80% yentlawulo kwiyure enye ukuya kwezimbini. Unokwenza ithuba lokutshaja ngaphandle kokunxiba kakhulu kwibhetri.
- Ukugcinwa kweqanda -Akukho kunkcenkceshelwa okanye ukulingana okufunekayo. Oko kunciphisa umsebenzi wesiqhelo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi.
- Ukumelana neMozulu -Basebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu, ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka kwi -20℃ukuya kuma 60℃xa bekhutshelwa.
Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele kwiibhetri zeLithium{0}}
- Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili -Kuqhelekile ukuba kuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu ngaphezulu kunelothe-iasidi. Oko kuthetha utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala lweeprojekthi.
- Ukuxhomekeka kuMathiriyeli -Ezi bhetri zixhomekeke kwizinto ezithile. ILithium, nickel, kunye necobalt zezona ziphambili. Unikezelo kunye namaxabiso angatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
👉Ixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zelanga, iiprojekthi zorhwebo, kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso apho ukusebenza okuzinzile kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide{0}}kubalulekile.
Ufundo oluNxulumeneyo:Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium{0}}zeion
I-Lead{0}}Iibhetri ze-Acid
Ukuba ukugcina iindleko zangaphambili ziphantsi yeyona nto iphambili kuwe,lead{{0}ibhetri zeasidizidla ngokuba lukhetho lokuqala lokuqwalaselwa.
Ziye zasetyenziswa kangangamashumi eminyaka kwaye zisafumaneka ngokubanzi. Itekhnoloji ilula, iqondwa kakuhle, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwiinkqubo ezincinci.
Izinto eziluncedo ezingundoqo kunye nemida
| Udidi | Into | Inkcazo |
| Iingenelo | Iindleko zokuqala eziphantsi | Ngokwesiqhelo 30-50% ephantsi ixabiso langaphambili kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion |
| Itekhnoloji eqolileyo | Amashumi eminyaka okusetyenziswa ngokuthembeka okuqinisekisiweyo kunye namatyathanga okubonelela ngokuzinzileyo | |
| Ukutshintshwa okulula | Uyilo olusemgangathweni lwenza ukukhangela kunye nokutshintshwa kube lula | |
| Ukulinganiselwa | Ubomi obufutshane | Ngesiqhelo 500-1,500 imijikelo, ngaphantsi kakhulu kunelithium-based battery |
| Ugcino luyafuneka | Ifuna ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokulinganisa ukugcina ukusebenza | |
| Ukusebenza okuphantsi | Ngokwesiqhelo 70-85% uhambo oluya nokubuya ukusebenza kakuhle, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwamandla aphezulu |
👉Lead-ibhetri zeasidi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezincinci-zemilinganiselo okanye iindleko{2}}iiprojekthi ezinovakalelo apho ukunciphisa utyalo-mali lokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu kunokusebenza{3}}kwexesha elide.
Iibhetri zeSodium{0}}Ion
Zikwavela njengenye indlela eyomeleleyo ye-lithium-i-ion kwiimeko ezithile ezifana{1}}nobushushu obuphantsi kunye neendleko{2}}iiprojekthi ezinobuzaza.
🔎 Iimpawu eziphambili zeebhetri zeSodium-Ion
| Udidi | Into | Inkcazo |
| Iingenelo | Iqondo lobushushu elisezantsi{0}} ukusebenza |
Igcina umthamo ozinzileyo kunye nemveliso kwindawo engaphantsi{0}}enoziro, ilungele ugcino olubandayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaphandle |
| Ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko | Umngcipheko ophantsi wokubaleka kwe-thermal phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwe-sater | |
| Imathiriyeli ekrwada eninzi | Isebenzisa izinto ezifumaneka ngokubanzi njengesodium, inceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nomngcipheko wokubonelela | |
| Ukulinganiselwa | Ukuxinana kwamandla asezantsi | Ifuna indawo eninzi xa ithelekiswa ne-lithium-iyoni yomthamo ofanayo |
| Urhwebo{0} lwakwangoko | Isaphuhla, kunye -nokubekwa kobungakanani obumbalwa | |
| Umxokomelwano wokuphilisana kwendalo onganeno | Ikhonkco lonikezelo olunyiniweyo kunye nohlanganiso xa kuthelekiswa ne-lithium - ion |
👉Iibhetri zesodium -ze-ion zilungele ugcino olubandayo. Bakwasebenza kakuhle ngaphandle. Kwaye zilungile kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Iibhetri ezihambayo
Iibhetri ezihambayoziqhelekile kwigridi{0}}kwizicelo zesikali.
Bagcina amandla kwi-electrolyte engamanzi. Ngeebhetri zokuhamba, unokukala umthamo wamandla kunye namandla ngokwahlukeneyo. Oko kubenza balungele iinkqubo ezinkulu neziguquguqukayo.
Iingenelo eziphambili
• Ubomi bomjikelo omde - Ubomi bomjikelo kaninzi buhamba ngaphaya kwemijikelo eyi-10,000 ukuya kuma-20,000. Kukho ukunxiba okuncinci kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo - Nokuba ngexesha elide lokukhupha, imveliso ihlala ingaguquguquki.
• Uyilo olunokwandiswa - Umthamo wamandla unokunyuswa ngokwandisa umthamo we-electrolyte.
• Ilungele{0}}ugcino lwexesha elide - Ngokuqhelekileyo ixhasa 4–{3}} iiyure zokukhutshwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukulinganiselwa
• Uxinaniso lwamandla asezantsi - Ngoko ke ezi nkqubo zithatha indawo eninzi kune-lithium{1}}iion.
• Ushicilelo olukhulu lwenkqubo - Iitanki, iimpompo, kunye nemibhobho yongeza ubungakanani bofakelo ngokubanzi.
• Ukuntsokotha kwenkqubo ephezulu - Amalungu amaninzi ayafuneka ekusebenzeni nokulawula.
• Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili - Kwiiprojekthi ezincinci, olo tyalo-mali lokuqala lunokuba phezulu kakhulu.
Iibhetri zeSodium -zeSulfur (NaS).
Iibhetri zesodium-zesulphur-idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-NaS{1}}idla ngokusetyenziswa{2}} kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Ezi ziiprojekthi{4}}zenqanaba lokugcina amandla.
Zibaleka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Oko kubanika ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu. Ikwabanceda ukuba bakhuphe imveliso ezinzileyo kwixesha elide.'
Yintoni ebenza babe luncedo
- Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu{0}Loo nto ingaphezulu kuneentlobo ezininzi zebhetri zesiqhelo. Ngoko ke zisebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezinkulu-ezinkulu.
- Iyakwazi ukuhambisa amandla azinzileyo ngexesha elide{0}}Ufumana amandla angatshintshiyo nangexesha lokukhupha okwandisiweyo.
Yintoni emayiqwalasele
- Ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibaleka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-350 degree. Udinga ukufudumeza okuqhubekayo ukuze uzigcine ziqhubeka.
- Ulawulo lwe-thermal luyimfuneko. Bafuna ukugquma kakuhle kunye nokulawula ubushushu ngononophelo. Oko kugcina izinto zikhuselekile kwaye zizinzile.
- Inkqubo inzima ngakumbi. Uneenkqubo zokufudumeza ezongezelelweyo kunye nokhuseleko ekufuneka ujongane nazo. Oko kongeza kubunzima boyilo ngokubanzi.
Iibhetri zeNickel{0}}zeCadmium
Iibhetri zeNickel{0}}zecadmium-ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Ni{1}}Cd{2}} zaziwa ngokomelela kwaye zithembekile.
Basebenza kakuhle kumaqondo okushisa anzima kwaye baxhasa ukukhutshwa okunzulu. Ngelixa ezinye iibhetri zinokuba nzima, zihlala zibaleka ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngoko zisetyenziswa rhoqo apho ukusebenza kubaluleke ngaphezu kweendleko.
Yintoni ebenza babe luncedo
- Ukuqina okuqinileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende
- Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu
- Ukunyamezela ukukhutshwa okunzulu ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu
Yintoni emayiqwalasele
- Iindleko eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo zebhetri eziqhelekileyo
- Iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yomxholo we-cadmium
- Ngokuthe ngcembe iyatshintshwa yi-lithium{{0}esekwe kwezinye iindlela kwizicelo ezininzi
Zinc{0}}Iibhetri zomoya
Zinc-iibhetri zomoyazisaphuhliselwa-ugcino lwamandla amakhulu. Bakwizigaba zokuqala ngoku. Kodwa bafumana ingqalelo. Abantu babona amandla abo.
Kutheni bebalasele
- Banoxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu lwethiyori. Kungenxa yokuba zisebenzisa ioksijini evela emoyeni. Ibanika amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo ezininzi zebhetri.
- Iimathiriyeli zininzi kwaye{0}}zixabiso eliphantsi. Ubukhulu becala zenziwe nge-zinc kunye nomoya. Zombini kulula ukuzifumana, nto leyo inceda ukugcina iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo ziphantsi ngexesha.
Yintoni ebathintelayo namhlanje
- Ukutshaja kusengumceli mngeni. Ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza komjikelo kulinganiselwe. Loo nto yenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide{2} kube nzima.
- Ayikasasazwa ngokubanzi okwangoku. Uninzi lwezinc{1}}itekhnoloji zomoya zisaphuhliswa. Akukho mikhulu{3}}enkulu, ufakelo oluqinisekisiweyo olukhoyo ngoku.
Iibhetri zelizwe-eziQinisekileyo
Ibhetri yelizwe -eqinilezibonwa ngokubanzi njengenyathelo elikhulu elilandelayo kubuchwepheshe bebhetri. Abasebenzisi i-electrolyte engamanzi. Kunoko, bathembele kwizinto eziqinileyo. Loo nto inokubenza bakhuseleke ngakumbi. Inokubanika amandla aphezulu oxinaniso.
Yintoni ebenza bathembise
- Ukhuseleko oluphezulu olunomngcipheko oncitshisiweyo wokuvuza okanye ukubaleka kobushushu
- Uxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nobuninzi betekhnoloji yebhetri yangoku
Yintoni ebathintelayo namhlanje
- Kusekuphuhlisweni kunye nenqanaba lokuqala lokuthengisa
- Iindleko eziphezulu kunye nemingeni yokuvelisa
👉Iibhetri zelizwe-eziqinileyo ziya kuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokugcina amandla. Ziya kuvela kwakhona kwisizukulwana esilandelayo{2}} sokushukumiseka kombane. Kodwa itekhnoloji isafuna ukukhula.
Ungazikhetha Njani Iintlobo zebhetri eziLungileyo
Akukho lunye uhlobo lwebhetri "lungcono" yokugcina amandla. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zokusebenza, iithagethi zeendleko, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
🔎 Isikhokelo sokuKhetha ngokweeMfuno eziphambili
| Imfuneko ephambili | Uhlobo lwebhetri olucetyiswayo | Kutheni Ifanelekile |
| Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu / indawo encinci | Lithium-ion | Uyilo olubambeneyo olunoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, lucutha ukufakwa kweenyawo |
| Ubomi obude & rhoqo ukukhwela ibhayisekile |
I-Lithium -iyoni / ibhetri elihambayo | Ixhasa amawaka ukuya kwishumi lamawaka emijikelo ngokusebenza okuzinzileyo |
| Iindleko eziphantsi zangaphambili | Lead{{0}asidi | Utyalo-mali lokuqala olusezantsi kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo elula |
| {0}}umsebenzi wobushushu obuphantsi | Isodium -iyoni | Ukusebenza okuzinzile ngakumbi -kummandla ongunothi |
| Ukukhupha ixesha elide-iyure ({1}} iiyure) | Ibhetri ehambayo/NaS | Yenzelwe ukukhutshwa okwandisiweyo kunye negridi{0}}izicelo zesikali |
| Inkqubo elula kunye nokuhanjiswa okulula | Lead{{0}asidi/Lithium{1}}ion | Itekhnoloji eqolileyo enexabiso ukudibanisa okuthe ngqo |
👉KuninziiBESS yanamhlanjeiiprojekthi, lithium{0}}iion iseyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ukhetho. Inika ibhalansi elungileyo. Ufumana ukusebenza okuqinileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkqubo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri zenzelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Akukho sisombululo esinye esihambelana nayo yonke iprojekthi yokugcina amandla.
Ukusuka kwi-lithium -iion kunye ne-asidi ekhokelela kwi-{1}} ukuya kwiinketho ezintsha ezifana nesodium{2}}iion kunye neebhetri zokuhamba, iteknoloji nganye ibonelela ngebhalansi yayo yeendleko, ubomi, kunye nokusebenza. Ukukhetha ibhetri echanekileyo kuncinci malunga nokuthelekisa iinkcukacha kunye nokunye malunga nokuqonda indlela eya kusetyenziswa ngayo inkqubo.
Kulapho ungqamaniso olufanelekileyo luthi lubaluleke khona. Ibhetri esebenza kakuhle kwenye imeko isenokungabi yeyona ifanelekileyo kwenye.
NgePolinovel, sigxila ekulungelelaniseni izisombululo zebhetri neemfuno zokwenyani zesicelo-nokuba kukuthengisa amandla ogcino, imozulu ephantsi{1}}yobushushu obuphantsi, okanye{2}}iinkqubo zexesha elide.
👉 Ukuba uvavanya iinketho, ncedaQhagamshelana nathi. Sinokukunceda unciphise ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweprojekthi yakho.