Ukwanda kwegridi-yesikali sogcino lwamandla lutshintshe indlela izixokelelwano zamandla ezilawula ngayo uphazamiseko kunye nemfuno ephezulu. Kulo mhlaba, iiparadigms ezimbini zoyilo ziye zavela njengolungelelwaniso olubalaseleyo:Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri enezikhongozeli(BESS) kunye nesikhululo esiqhelekileyo{0}}uhlobo lofakelo olugcinwe ngaphakathi kwenjongo{1}}izakhiwo ezakhiweyo. Ngelixa zombini zisebenza ngokubonakalayo imisebenzi efanayo{3}}ukugcina amandla ombane ngexesha-uthumelo olutshintshiweyo{5}}ifilosofi yobunjineli babo, ukusasazwa kolungiselelo, kunye neempawu zokusebenza ziyashiyana kakhulu. Lo mahluko uqulathe ifuthe elinzulu kuqoqosho lweprojekthi, ukukala, kunye{7}}nolawulo lwempahla yexesha elide.
Uguquko lwe-Containerization (kwaye kutheni yenzekile)
Akukho mntu ucebe ngokwenene ukuba iikhonteyina zithathe indawo. Ukutshintsha kwenzeke phantse ngengozi.
Malunga no-2015-2016, abaphuhlisi kwiindawo ezikude{2}}ingakumbi imisebenzi yasemigodini e-Australia kunye nofakelo lwe{3}}igridi kulo lonke{4}}i-Sahara ye-Afrika-yaqala ngenkani into engazange ifune iinyanga ezintandathu zomsebenzi woluntu. Babefuna ugcino olwaluza kufika ngelori baze baqalise ukusebenza kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa. Impendulo yayijonge wonke umntu ebusweni: iibhokisi ezifanayo zentsimbi ezisemgangathweni ezazisele ziguqule izinto zehlabathi.
Umgangatho ongama-20-unyawo lwesikhongozeli se-ISO (6.1m × 2.4m × 2.6m) okanye igxalaba laso elizinyawo ezingama-40 libe yi-de facto form factor. Yonke into ixinana ngaphakathi: iirakhi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iinkqubo zokuguqula amandla, izixhobo zokulawula ukushisa, ukucinywa komlilo, ukubeka iliso kwi-hardware. Udibaniso lwenzeka kumzi-mveliso, hayi ebaleni. Nguwo lowo umahluko ophambili.
Yintoni eyenza lo msebenzi ngobuchwephesha bubunjineli bangaphambili-. Xa uTesla wathumela iiyunithi zabo ze-Megapack kwi-Hornsdale Power Reserve eMzantsi Ostreliya, isitya ngasinye safika njengendawo eqinisekisiweyo, evavanywayo. Umsebenzi wesiza ngokusisiseko "yayiplagi kwaye udlale"{3}}ibinzana iinjineli ezithiyileyo ukulisebenzisa kodwa abathengi bayathanda ukuva.
Ufakelo lwesiNtu: Ityala akukho mntu ufuna ukulenza kwakhona
Kulapho kufuneka ndinyaniseke malunga nento. Ukubhala ngokuncomekayo malunga nesikhululo sakwantu-uhlobo lwe-BES luvakala ngathi lukhusela oomatshini befeksi. Itekhnoloji iyasebenza. Iqinisekisiwe. Ezinye zezona zinto zinde{5}}ezisebenzayo zokugcina iiasethi ehlabathini zisebenzisa le ndlela.
Kodwa uqoqosho lutshintshe kakhulu kangangokuba ukwakhiwa kwemveli okutsha kuya kunqabile ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile.
Oko kuthethiweyo, le ndlela iyavakala kwiimeko ezithile:
Co-indawo enezixhobo ezikhoyo
Co-indawo enezixhobo ezikhoyo{{0}amaziko edatha, iiplanti zokuvelisa, iindawo zokugcina zikaloliwe{1}apho igumbi lebhetri elinikezelweyo linokwabelana ngeziseko zolawulo lobushushu, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kunye nabasebenzi abalungisayo.
01
Iindawo ezixineneyo ezidolophini
Iindawo ezixineneyo ezidolophiniapho iindleko ze-real estate ziyi-astronomical kunye nolwakhiwo oluthe nkqo lukhethwayo. Isakhiwo sebhetri-esininzi esisembindini wedolophu yaseTokyo okanye eManhattan sinokufikelela kuxinaniso lwamandla apho iinkqubo zesikhongozeli zingenako ukuhambelana. Ungapakisha iirack emgangathweni-ukuya{4}}kwisilingi, uphucule iinkqubo zeHVAC zemvulophu yokwakha, kwaye udibanise neziseko zombane ezikhoyo ngobuhle ngakumbi.
02
Ufakelo olukhulu ngokugqithisileyo
Ufakelo olukhulu ngokugqithisileyo(500MWh+) apho ixabiso elingephi lemisebenzi yoluntu liba lingenamsebenzi xa lithelekiswa nokuguquguquka koyilo lwesiko.
03
Ingxaki kukuba "umda" uhlala echazwa ngokutsha. Kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, nantoni na engaphezu kwe-100MWh yayithanda ulwakhiwo lwemveli. Namhlanje lo mgubasi ufudukele kwi-300MWh okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye usanyuka.
Ulawulo lweThermal: Apho Izinto Zifumana Umdla
Kulapho endifuna ukuchitha ixesha elithile kuba akuxatyiswa.
ILithium-iiseli ze-ion zizidalwa ezinobushushu{1}}. Eyona festile isebenzayo ihlala phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-35 degree. Khuleka ngaphandle kolu luhlu kwaye ujonge ukuthotywa okukhawulezileyo, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukubaleka okunokwenzeka kobushushu. Umahluko phakathi kobomi be-asethi yeminyaka eyi-12 kunye nobomi be-asethi yeminyaka esi-7 buhlala buhla kulawulo lobushushu.
Iinkqubo ezifakwe kwimigqomo ziye zadibana kakhulu ekupholiseni ulwelo. Iipleyiti ezibandayo zinxibelelana ngqo neemodyuli zebhetri, zijikelezisa iglycol{1}}imixube yamanzi ngelophu evaliweyo eqhagamshelwe kwi chiller zangaphandle. Ubunzima be-thermal buyalawuleka. Amaxesha okuphendula akhawuleza. Iqondo lobushushu kwipakethe yebhetri lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-3-5℃ngokwesiqhelo.
Ufakelo lwesintu ngokwembali lwaluxhomekeke kwigumbi{0}}lomgangatho womoya womoya. Iyasebenza, kodwa ingasebenzi kakuhle. Umoya une-thermal conductivity eyoyikekayo xa kuthelekiswa nolwelo. Ugqiba ukupholisa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiseli ezifudumeleyo zihlala ngaphakathi kwemida, oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibandayo zisebenza ngokuphantsi. Umthwalo weparasitic wamandla unokufikelela kwi-8-12% yomthamo wesixokelelwano kwimozulu eshushu xa kuthelekiswa ne-3-}5% kwizikhongozeli eziyilwe kakuhle ezipholise ulwelo.
Ezinye izitishi ezitsha{0}}zohlobo lolwakhiwo lwamkele ukuntywiliselwa ukupholisa{1}}ukuntywilisela iimodyuli zebhetri yonke kulwelo lwedielectric. Ukusebenza kwe-thermal kukhethekile. Kodwa ukuntsonkotha kokusebenza kunye neemfuno zolawulo lolwelo zinokwamkelwa okulinganiselweyo kwizicelo ezizodwa.
Amanani Akukho mntu uthetha ngawo
Abaphuhlisi beprojekthi bayakuthanda ukucaphula amanani e-$/kWh. Uluhlu lwangoku luhlala kwindawo ethile phakathi kwe-$ 150-250 / kWh kwinqanaba lenkqubo yezisombululo zekhonteyina, ngokuxhomekeke kwikhemistri, ubude, kunye nezinto zejografi.
Kodwa loo nombolo yesihloko ifihla ngaphezu kokuba ityhila.
Cinga ngeemeko ezimbini zeprojekthi ye-100MWh:
Indlela efakwe kwisingxobo:
Izixhobo: ~ $ 18M
Ukulungiswa kwendawo: ~ $ 1.2M
Ukufakela kunye nokugunyazisa: ~ $ 800K
Uqhagamshelo lwegridi: ~$2M (yohluka ngokwasendle ngendawo)
Ixesha elimiselweyo: Iinyanga ze-8-14 ukusuka kwi-odolo ukuya ekusebenzeni
Isitishi sesiNtu{0}}uhlobo:
Isixhobo: ~$15M (iibhetri kunye nePCS eneneni zibiza kancinci ngaphandle kokufakwa kwisingxobo)
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo: ~ $ 4-6M
Ukulungiswa kwendawo: ~ $ 2M
Ufakelo kunye nokugunyaziswa: ~ $ 1.5M
Uqhagamshelwano lwegridi: ~$2M
Ixesha elimiselweyo: 18-30 iinyanga
Iprojekthi enezikhongozeli ixabisa ngaphezulu kwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga kodwa ngaphantsi kuyo yonke enye into. Kwaye lo mahluko wexesha? Imele iindleko zethuba ezingafane zivele kwiifom zeprojekthi. I-asethi yokugcina ingeniso yengeniso kwiinyanga ezili-12 ngaphambili inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo i-calculus yotyalo-mali.
UMlilo noKhuseleko: Indlovu ekwisikhongozelo
Andikwazi ukubhala eli nqaku ngaphandle kokujongana nokwenzeka eArizona ngo-2019, okanye eVictoria ngo-2021, okanye iziganeko ezininzi eMzantsi Korea.
Umlilo webhetri ayiyongozi yethiyori. Yimingeni yobunjineli efuna ingqwalasela emandla.
Iinkqubo zomgqomo zineengenelo ezithile zendalo. Ukwahlukaniswa ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kweeyunithi kuthetha ukubaleka kobushushu kwisikhongozeli esinye akunyanzelekanga ukuba kuphole kwiiyunithi ezimeleneyo. I-Deflagration Vent ingenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhiwo sesikhongozeli. Impendulo kaxakeka yenziwe lula-abacimi-mlilo bangasondela, bamisele iindawo zokuthintelwa, kwaye bavumele iiyunithi ezisengozini zizitshise ngaphandle kokubeka umngcipheko kwizakhiwo ezihlalayo.
Isiganeko saseMcMicken e-Arizona sibandakanya i-container eyayisebenza phantse iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwemiba. Ukuqokelelwa kwerhasi ngexesha lesiganeko sokushisa kwadala iimeko eziqhumayo. Xa abacimi-mlilo bevula ucango ukuze baphande, isitya saqhuma. Abantu abane balaliswe esibhedlele.
Ukusabela kweshishini kuye kwaquka: iinkqubo zokubona igesi eyongeziweyo, iiphaneli zokuzitshabalalisa ezizenzekelayo, iiprothokholi ezihlaziyiweyo zokusabela ezingxamisekileyo ezithintela ngokucacileyo izikhongozeli ngexesha lokurhaneleka kweziganeko zobushushu. Uvavanyo lwe-UL 9540A ngoku lubonelela ngeendlela ezisemgangathweni zokuvavanya iimpawu zokusasaza umlilo.
Kodwa nantsi into endiyibonayo inika umdla. Ubume beprofayile-ephezulu yezehlo ze-BESS ziqhubele phambili uphuculo lokhuseleko olukhawulezayo kunomngcipheko wofakelo oluqhelekileyo. Xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwisikhongozeli, yenza iindaba. Xa igumbi lebhetri kwindawo yoshishino linesehlo, lihlala lihlelwa phantsi kweengozi zemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi kwaye lifumana ukujongwa kancinci.
Eyona nto ifunwa yiMarike
Kudala ndibukele iinkcukacha zokuthengwa kwempahla ziguquka kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Utshintsho alunampazamo.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ii-RFPs zaziza kucela izindululo ezineenkcukacha zazo zombini izikhongozeli kunye-nohlobo lwezisombululo zesitishi. Abavavanyi bafuna ukuthelekisa.
Namhlanje, uninzi lwezinto eziluncedo{0}}zokuthengwa kwempahla zichaza ngokucacileyo ifomathi ekhonkxiweyo. Ukubekwa emgangathweni kube kukuzomeleza{2}}. Abatyali-mali bayayiqonda imveliso. Ababhali abaphantsi kwe-inshorensi baseke izikhokelo. Iikontraka ze-O&M ziphuhlise ubuchule obukhethekileyo. I-ecosystem idityaniswe malunga nezikhongozeli.
Oku akuthethi ukuba iindlela zemveli ziyanyamalala. Kodwa i-niche yabo iyancipha. Ufakelo oluqhelekileyo lwezicelo ezithile. Iiprojekthi zeRetrofit ezixhasa iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo. Imimandla apho ulungiselelo lwesikhongozeli lucela umngeni.
Umgqomo we-5MWh naNgaphaya
Apha izinto zisingise khona.
Iinkqubo zakwangoko ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zipakishwe mhlawumbi yi-1-2MWh kwibhokisi yeenyawo ezingama-40. Iimveliso zesizukulwana zangoku ezivela kwi-CATL, BYD, Tesla, kunye nabanye bahlala befezekisa i-3-4MWh. I-Megapack 2 XL ityhala ukuya kwi-4MWh. I-CATL's EnerOne Plus ibango le-5MWh+.
Ifiziksi eqhuba oku: iiseli zoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu (280Ah prismatic LFP iye yaba semgangathweni), ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-thermal luvumela ukupakishwa okungqongqo, ii-algorithms ze-BMS ezikrelekrele ezikhupha umthamo osebenzisekayo ngakumbi kwi-hardware efanayo.
Kodwa kukho imida. Ubunzima buba sisinyanzelo malunga ne-35{2}}40 yeetoni{5}}ngaphezu koko, ujongene neemfuno zesithuthi esinzima. Uxinaniso lwe-Thermal luthetha iinkqubo zokwala ubushushu ngokungaqhelekanga. Iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiiyunithi ezinomthamo ophezulu zithatha ixesha elide kwaye zibiza ngaphezulu.
Uqikelelo lwam-kwaye luqikelelo kuphela-lokuba sizakubona umgangatho wemarike kwindawo ethile malunga ne-5-6MWh nge-40-fithi nganye ngokulinganayo. Ngaphaya koko, uqala ukongeza izikhongozeli kunokuba uzikhulise. Ulungiselelo lokwenziwa komgangatho lodlula iingenelo ezisemdeni zokulinganisa ngokwesiko.
Inqaku eliKhawulezayo kwiKhemistri
Kudala ndibhala malunga ne-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) kuba kulapho usetyenziso -lwentengiso yesikali lufikele khona. Iprofayili yokhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelo, kunye neendleko zomkhondo ziyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwizicelo zegridi.
Kodwa musa ukuyihoya into ezayo.
Isodium -iyoni yinyani. I-CATL inemigca yemveliso esebenzayo. Uxinaniso lwamandla lusezantsi (malunga ne-80-}90% ye-LFP), kodwa iindleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokuqina kobonelelo kuyanyanzeleka. Ukugcina okumileyo apho uxinano lwamandla egravimetric lubaluleka kancinci, izikhongozeli zesodium-ion zingabamba isabelo esibalulekileyo kwiminyaka emi-3-5.
Umbuso oqinileyo-uhlala ungaphandle{1}}mhlawumbi awukho kurhwebo kwisikali segridi phambi kuka-2030. Kodwa xa ifika, i-equations zolawulo lwe-thermal zitshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Akukho electrolyte engamanzi ithetha ngokusisiseko iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela
Ingxoxo equlathiweyo xa ithelekiswa nengxoxo yemveli iye yasonjululwa yimarike. Iikhonteyina ziphumelele ngenxa yokuba zazisombulula ingxaki yokuthunyelwa, kwaye ukusasazwa kwaba ngumqobo. Utshintsho lwamandla alunaxesha lokulinda ubunjineli besiko kwiprojekthi nganye.
Into ehlala inika umdla ayilulo ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezi fomati kodwa inguquko eyenzekayo kwiinkqubo eziqulathiweyo. Amandla amakhulu, ulawulo lwe-thermal olukrelekrele, ukuhlanganiswa okuphucukileyo kunye neenkonzo zegridi. Isikhongozeli sibe liqonga.
Isitishi sesiNtu{0}}ufakelo lohlobo luya kuqhubeka kwi-niches apho luvakala khona. Iiprojekthi zaseBrownfield. Iindawo ezixineneyo zasezidolophini. Izicelo ezineemfuno ezizodwa. Kodwa kwigrid engundoqo-ukubekwa kwesikali sogcino{6}igigawatt{7}}iiyure zesakhono esongezwa ngonyaka kwilizwekazi ngalinye{8}isikhongozeli sibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusasazwa.
Ayilothando olo. Leyo yi-logistics. Kwaye kwiziseko zophuhliso, amalungiselelo adla ngokuphumelela.