INkqubo yokuLawulwa koMlilo oDityanisiweyo kunye noGcino

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetrizisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zokuvelisa amandla, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuphendula, isantya sokulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchaneka kokulawula okuphezulu, bazisa ukwanda okukhulu kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi okanye ukusebenza kuzo zonke iindawo zesicelo.

Imigaqo-siseko ye-AGC kwiiYunithi zaMandla oMbane

Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo yokwenziwa rhoqo kunye namandla asebenzayo kwinkqubo yamandla ibizwa ngokuba yi-Automatic Generator Control (AGC). Idla ngokubhekisa kunyuso oluzenzekelayo okanye ekwehleni kwemiyalelo yomthwalo ekujoliswe kuwo wokuvelisa iiyunithi ngokuthe ngqo kwiziko lokuthumela igridi yamandla ngenkqubo yolawulo esasaziweyo (DCS). Ngumsebenzi osisiseko wokuvelisa iiyunithi.

Phantsi kwesiseko sokuvelisa{0}umgangatho ophezulu wamandla ombane, i-AGC (uLawulo lweSizukulwana esiSebenzayo) iyanelisa ibhalansi-yexesha lokwenyani lonikezelo lwamandla kunye nemfuno, kwaye isabela kutshintsho lomthwalo phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa ukuya kumashumi emizuzu, ngoko ke iyeyesibini yolawulo lwamaza. Imisebenzi yayo engundoqo ibandakanya ukugcina igridi yobuninzi bexesha phakathi koluhlu lwempazamo oluvumelekileyo, okt, impazamo yamatyeli -uhlengahlengiso lwasimahla; ukulawula amandla otshintshiselwano ngomnatha wegridi edibeneyo ukuze isebenze ngokwexabiso elicwangcisiweyo; ukulawula amandla ombane atshintshiweyo wegridi edityanisiweyo ngaphakathi komda ocwangcisiweyo; kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo zamandla (iiyunithi) ezithatha inxaxheba kulawulo olukude ukuze lusebenze ngokowona mgaqo wolwabiwo lwezoqoqosho, ukuze kwandiswe iinzuzo zegridi, phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangabezana nezithintelo zokhuseleko lwegridi, ukuphindaphindwa kwegridi, kunye nesicwangciso samandla otshintshiselwano ngenetha yangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela ukuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwamaza emfundo ephakamileyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nozinzo lwenkqubo yamandla, kukho iimfuno ekujoliswe kuzo kumthamo kunye nomthamo ohlengahlengiswayo weeyunithi zokuvelisa ezithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-AGC (UkuLawula isiZukulwana esizenzekelayo). Kwinkqubo yamandla yaseTshayina, umthamo olinganisiweyo weeyunithi zokuvelisa ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-AGC ngokubanzi ufuna ukuba ziphendule ngaphezu kwe-50% yomthamo ofakiweyo wenkqubo, kunye nomthamo ohlengahlengiswayo wokuvelisa iiyunithi ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-akhawunti ye-AGC ngaphezulu kwe-15% yomthwalo ophakamileyo wenkqubo. Ngokukodwa, kwiiyunithi zamandla e-thermal ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-AGC, xa amandla alinganisiweyo eyi-P, uluhlu lolawulo lwamandla ngokubanzi luyi-50%P ukuya kwi-100%P; elona qondo liphezulu lokutshintsha amandla ngomzuzu yi-3%P; ixesha lokuphendula ukulawulwa komthwalo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana ye-30; kunye nempazamo yolawulo oluguquguqukayo, ukuthatha iyunithi yamandla obushushu angama-300MW njengomzekelo, impazamo yolawulo ingaphantsi kwe-3MW, kwaye eyona mpazamo inkulu ingaphantsi kwe-5MW.

 

Inkqubo ye-AGC, njengoko ibonisiwe kumzobo, iqulathe isilawuli se-AGC kwiziko lokuthumela igridi yamandla, ijelo{0}}lokwenyani lothumelo lwexesha, iyunithi yolawulo olukude (RTU), kunye neyunithi ye-DCS. Iziko lokuthunyelwa kwegridi yamandla, esekwe kwidatha yokwenyani{2}}yexesha kumthwalo wegridi, ubume bokusebenza kweyunithi, kunye nefrikhwensi yegridi, ithumela ukude imithwalo kwiiyunithi, ivelisa imiyalelo ye-AGC.

Le miyalelo ikhutshelwa kwi-RTU yomzi-mveliso wamandla ngejelo lothumelo elikude, njengonxibelelwano lomthwali. I-RTU emva koko ithumela imiyalelo ye-AGC njenge-4-20mA yemiqondiso yangoku ukuya kwiyunithi ye-DCS. I-DCS ilungelelanisa eyona mveliso yamandla yeyunithi ngokusekelwe kwimida yomthwalo kunye neendawo zokubeka izinga lokutshintsha komthwalo, ilandelela imiyalelo ye-AGC. Ngaxeshanye, iyunithi{7}}yexesha lokwenyani, elifana nemveliso yamandla okwenene, imo yokuvula i-AGC, imilinganiselo yomthwalo kunye notshintsho, iguqulwa ibe yi-4-20mA yemiqondiso ngabathumeli kwaye idluliselwe kwi-RTU. I-RTU emva koko iguqula imeko yeyunithi{10}}yexesha lokwenyani kwidatha yetelemetry, ethi idluliselwe kwiziko lokuthumela igridi yamandla ngejelo lothumelo elikude kusetyenziswa{11}}unxibelelwano lomthwali wamaxesha amaninzi. Ngoko ke, i-AGC yinkqubo yokulawula i-remote evaliweyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla, eyakhelwe phezu kwe-computer-based Control Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA), inkqubo yokulawula i-generator set coordination, kunye nenkqubo yokudlulisa ulwazi oluthembekileyo.

Ummiselo we-AGC kunye nenkqubo yempendulo eqhelekileyo yeyunithi yamandla obushushu iboniswa kumzobo:

Njengenkonzo encedisayo ehlawulweyo ebonelelwa ngamaziko ombane kwigridi yamandla, i-AGC (uLawulo oluSebenzayo loKuzala) ilawulwa ziigridi zamandla ommandla ohlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa imigaqo eneenkcukacha yokuphunyezwa kwegridi{0}}isizukulwana esidityanisiweyo solawulo lweenkonzo ezincedisayo kunye negridi{1}}ulawulo lokusebenza oluqhagamshelweyo (ekubhekiswa kuyo "njengemithetho emibini"). Le migaqo ibonelela ngemigaqo eneenkcukacha zokubala isalathiso sokusebenza kunye neendlela zovavanyo lweenkonzo ezincedisayo ezihlawulelwayo, kubandakanywa i-AGC. Ukuthatha "imithetho emibini" (uguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo luka-2019) kumaziko ombane kwigridi yamandla yengingqi yaseMntla yeTshayina njengomzekelo, izalathisi zovavanyo lweeyunithi zejeneretha ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ze-AGC ziquka isalathiso senzuzo K._Akunye nesalathiso sokusebenza solawulo K_papho, apho uK_piboniswa kule fomula ilandelayo:

K_p=K₁×K₂×K₃

Kwifomula: