Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla,iteknoloji yokugcina amandlainokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amahlanu: iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ngoomatshini, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ombane, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ekhemikhali, kunye neteknoloji yokugcina amandla obushushu.
◇Iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ombane
◇Itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ekhemikhali
◇Iteknoloji yokugcina i-thermal
Ubuchwephesha bokugcina amandla oomatshini
Njengoko kusaziwa, iintlobo ngeentlobo zamandla e-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho kwindalo, njengamanzi aqukuqelayo, umoya wendalo, amaza namaza; izinto ezenziwa ngabantu zikwavelisa amandla amakhulu ekinetic kunye namandla anokubakho, anjengabantu abahambahambayo, izithuthi, iinqanawa, kunye nolwelo. Onke la mandla, omabini avela kwindalo kunye nalawo aveliswa yimisebenzi yabantu, yimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Amandla omatshini sisimbuku samandla ekinetic kunye namandla anokubakho, ubungakanani bomzimba obumele ubume bentshukumo kunye nokuphakama kwento. I-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho ento anokuguqulwa enye kwenye; kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa okulinganayo phakathi kwe-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho, inani elipheleleyo lamandla omatshini lihlala lihleli, oko kukuthi, amandla omatshini agcinwa.
Ugcino lwamandla oomatshini bubuchwepheshe obuguqula amandla abe ngamandla omatshini ukuze agcinwe aze awaguqule abuyele kumandla ombane xa kuyimfuneko. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokugcina amandla oomatshini ziquka ukugcinwa kwe-hydro emponthiweyo, ukugcinwa komoya ocinezelweyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla e-flywheel. Ubuchwephesha bokugcina amandla oomatshini bunoxinzelelo olukhulu lwamandla, amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, okubenza bafanelekele ukulawulwa kwegridi kunye nonikezelo lombane olungxamisekileyo. Ixesha labo lokugcina kunye nesikali liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji ethile, ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiintsuku, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla.
Ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo:
Ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo ngoku sesona sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi-ubuchwephesha bogcino lwamandla obungakanani. Isebenzisa umbane ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka -kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ukuya kwindawo ephezulu{3}}igcina amandla awo anokubakho. Ngexesha leemfuno zombane eziphezulu, amanzi akhululwa ukuvelisa umbane ngee turbines. Le ndlela inoguqulo olusulungekileyo (oluqhelekileyo yi-70% -85%), ilungele ukulawula incopho-umahluko wentlambo kwigridi yamandla, kwaye inikezela ngomthamo omkhulu wokugcina kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukudityaniswa kwegridi yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukubonelela ngebhalansi kunye nokuguquguquka kwemfuno, kwaye inobude bexesha elide lokugcina kunye nomthamo owomeleleyo wogcino. Umgaqo wayo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-1.
Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo:
Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo lubandakanya ukucinezela umoya usebenzisa icompressor eqhutywa ngombane kwaye uyigcine kwimiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba, iitanki, okanye iinqanawa zoxinzelelo. Xa imfuno yombane isanda, umoya ogciniweyo ocinezelweyo uyakhululwa, ufudunyezwe, kwaye usetyenziselwe ukuqhuba i-iturbine ukuvelisa umbane. Ugcino lwamandla omoya oluxiniweyo lubonelela nge-ubungakanani obukhulu,{3}}ubunakho bokugcina amandla ixesha elide, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okusukela kwi-50% ukuya kuma-70%. Ezi zixhobo zinokuphuculwa ngakumbi xa zidityaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ubushushu. Ilungele ukudityaniswa -nezikhululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo amakhulu ukukhuthaza ukuguquguquka kwegridi kunye nozinzo.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla eFlywheel:
Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-Flywheel kusebenzisa i-motor ukuqhuba i-flywheel ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuguqula amandla ombane abe yi-kinetic energy yokugcina. Xa kuyimfuneko, i-flywheel isebenzisa ijenereyitha ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic abuyele kumandla ombane. Itekhnoloji yogcino lwamandla eFlywheel yaziwa ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokuphendula (esiqhelekile kuluhlu lwemillisecond) kunye nobomi bomjikelo ophezulu (ukuya kumakhulu amawaka emijikelo), iyenze ilungele{2}}ixesha elifutshane,{3}}imeko zogcino lwamandla aphezulu, njengolawulo lwegridi yobuninzi kunye nonikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo (UPS). Ugcino lwamandla eFlywheel luqhelekile ukubanoguqulo olusulungekileyo, lufikelela kuma-85% -95%, kodwa ixesha lokugcinwa kwalo lifutshane, lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukulinganisa{7}}ukuguquguquka kwamandla kwexesha elifutshane. Umzobo 1-2 ubonisa umzobo ocwangcisiweyo wenkqubo yamandla yokugcina amandla e-flywheel.
Iteknoloji yokugcina amandla e-Electrochemical
Ugcino lwamandla e-Electrochemical yitekhnoloji eguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla ekhemikhali ngokusabela kwe-electrochemical reaction, iwagcine kwaye emva koko iwaguqulele kumandla ombane xa kufuneka. Undoqo wayo kukugcina kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha iibhetri. Itekhnoloji yogcino lwamandla e-Electrochemical ineengenelo ezifana nesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ufakelo olubhetyebhetye, kunye noyilo lwemodyuli, luyenza ilungele iimeko ezifana negridi yamandla ahlaziyekayo{2}}ulawulo lwamaxesha aqhagamshelweyo, incopho{3}}ulawulo lwentlambo, kunye nonikezelo lwamandla kaxakeka. Okwangoku, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical iquka i-lead -ibhetri yeasidi, i-nickel{6}}ibhetri ye-metal hydride, i-lithium -ibhetri ye-ion, iibhetri ze-sodium{8}} zeion, kunye neebhetri ezihambayo, nganye inokusebenza kwayo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye namandla ophuhliso. Ngomlinganiselo owandayo wamandla ahlaziyekayo, ugcino lwamandla e-electrochemical ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu yesakhiwo samandla ehlabathi kwaye sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokufumana icarbon, ephantsi{10}, kunye nenkqubo yamandla ekhuselekileyo.
Ibhetri -yeasidi:
Ilead{{0}ibhetri yeasidi yiteknoloji-esekiweyo nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-electrochemical energy yokugcina amandla. Umgaqo wabo ubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-lothe kunye nee-oxides zayo njengezinto ezintle kunye ne-negative electrode, kunye ne-sulfuric acid isisombululo se-aqueous njenge-electrolyte, ukuhlawula kunye nokukhupha nge-electrochemical reaction. Ilead -ibhetri zeasidi zineenzuzo ezifana neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso, ubuchwephesha obuvuthiweyo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye nokuxhathisa okuqinileyo ekutshajisweni kunye nangaphezulu{5}}ekukhutshweni, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhetri zokuqalisa iimoto, unikezelo lwamandla okuxhasa, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri{7} zeasidi zinoxinano lwamandla asezantsi, ubomi bomjikelo obunyiniweyo, kwaye ziqulathe ilothe eyityhefu, enokungcolisa okusingqongileyo ukuba ilahlwa ngokungafanelekanga. Ngaphandle koku, iibhetri{9}}zeasidi zisekwindawo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezithile, ingakumbi kwiindleko{10}}ezinobuzaza bezicelo. Kwixesha elizayo, ukurisayikilishwa okuhambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kweebhetri zeasidi{12}iyakuba yimikhomba-ndlela ephambili kuphuhliso lobu buchwepheshe.
Iibhetri zeNickel{{0}Metal Hydride (NiMH):
Iibhetri ze-NiMH yiteknoloji yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical esebenzisa i-nickel hydroxide njenge-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-nickel hydride njenge-electrode engafanelekanga. Banikezela ngezibonelelo ezinje ngoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, ubuhlobo bendalo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zemveli, iibhetri ze-NiMH azikho iingozi zekhemikhali ezinxulumene ne-cadmium kunye ne-molybdenum, ezenza ukuba zibe nobungane bendalo. Ke ngoko, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zamandla, iimoto ezixutyiweyo, kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Bakwanexabiso eliphezulu{4}}lokukhupha kwaye banokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Olona phawu luphambili lweebhetri zenickel kukomelela kwazo okugqithisileyo kunye{6}}nonyamezelo olungaphezulu kokukhupha, nto leyo ezenza zibe ntle kwiinkqubo ezifuna intlawulo rhoqo kunye nokukhutshwa. Nangona ukunyuka kweebhetri ze-lithium - ze-ion kwiminyaka yamuva kubangele ukuhla kwesabelo semarike yeebhetri ze-NiMH, zisagcina indawo kwiindawo ezithile zesicelo.
Iibhetri zeLithium{0}}
Iibhetri ze-Lithium -bubuchwephesha bokugcina amandla e-electrochemical obufezekisa ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ngokufaka kunye nokutsalwa kwee-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative. Ubunzima bokukhanya kweLithium kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kuye kwakhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-lithium - ze-ion kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, izithuthi zombane, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Iibhetri zeLithium -zibonelela ngoncedo olufana nobomi bomjikelo omde kwaye akukho siphumo sokukhumbula, kodwa zikwanenkxalabo ethile yokhuseleko, njengokubaleka kwe-thermal okubangelwa kukutshaja ngaphezulu kunye{5}}nokukhutshwa ngaphezulu. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical ye-lithium{7}}iibhetri zeion ziye zaphucuka ngokuqhubekayo, ngelixa iindleko zihlile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona bhetri zisetyenziswa kakhulu zokugcina amandla kwimarike namhlanje. Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lobuchwephesha obufana ne-slid-i-electrolyte yelizwe kunye ne-silicon{10}}esekelwe kwi-anode kulindeleke ukuba iphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium{11}}iion.
iibhetri zeSodium{0}}
Iibhetri zesodium-zeionli ziphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ubuchwephesha bogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umgaqo wabo wokusebenza uyafana naleyo yeebhetri ze-lithium - ze-ion, apho i-ion ze-lithium zidibana kwaye zidibanise phakathi kwee-electrodes ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative yokutshaja nokukhupha. Izinto eziluncedo zesodium -iibhetri zeion zilele kubuninzi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lemithombo yesodium, kunye nokuzimela kwabo kwi-lithium resource limitations, ibenza ukuba bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwizicelo zokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu{5}. Nangona ubuninzi bamandla abo bungaphantsi kuneebhetri ze-lithium -ze-ion, iibhetri ze-ion zesodium{8}} zibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokwemiqathango yozinzo lomjikelo, ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokhuseleko, ebonisa isithembiso esikhulu sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Okwangoku, uphando malunga neebhetri ze-ion yesodium{11}}zigxile ekuphuculeni ukuxinana kwamandla, ukwandisa ubomi bomjikelo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenza. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo, iibhetri ze-sodium{13}}zeion zilindeleke ukuba zibe sesinye sezisombululo{14}ezinkulu zokugcina amandla kwixesha elizayo.
Ibhetri ebalekayo:
Iibhetri zokuhamba zibuchwephesha bokugcina amandla e-electrochemical apho i-electrolyte igcinwa kwitanki yangaphandle. Umgaqo wabo ubandakanya ukugcinwa kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa i-electrochemical reactions phakathi kwe-electrolyte ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lweebhetri ezihambayo ngamandla azo alungelelaniswayo ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuphuma kwamandla; Umthamo wogcino unokwandiswa ngokunyusa umthamo we-electrolyte egciniweyo, ibenze bafaneleke ngokukodwa-ubukhulu,{3}}usetyenziso lwexesha elide lokugcina amandla. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeebhetri zokuhamba ziquka i-vanadium redox iibhetri zokuhamba kunye ne-zinc / i-bromine iibhetri zokuhamba. Iibhetri ezihambayo zinika ubomi obude, ukhuseleko oluhle, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo, kodwa utyalo-mali lwabo lokuqala luphezulu, kwaye inkqubo yebhetri inzima. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukubanakho kweebhetri zokuhamba kwindawo enkulu{7}}kugcino lwamandla luvela ngokuthe ngcembe, ngakumbi kuthungelwano lwegridi yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nosetyenziso lolawulo lwegridi.