Ugcino lwebhetri yamandla elanga lunokunciphisa amatyala ombane ngokugcina amandla elanga agqithisileyo ukuze asetyenziswe ngexesha elibiza kakhulu-leyure zexabiso, nangona ugcino lokwenyani luxhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwexabiso lenkqubo yakho. Abaninimzi abanexesha-lo{3}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso bagcina i-$700-$1,100 ngonyaka, ngelixa abo baneemitha zokuthengisa ezigcweleyo banokubona ugcino olongezelelweyo olungephi kwiibhetri zodwa.
Indlela yokuGcina iBattery eYidala ngayo uLondolozo lweBhili
Ukugcinwa kwebhetri yamandla elanga kunciphisa iindleko ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili ezisebenza ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yombane.
Ixesha-lokusebenzisa{1}}i-arbitrageimele elona thuba libalulekileyo lokonga kubanini beebhetri. Xa izinto zakho zihlawulisa amaxabiso aguquguqukayo imini yonke-ngokuqhelekileyo $0.10-$0.15 nge-kWh nganye ngexesha lokuphumla{7}}ngeeyure eziphakamileyo kodwa $0.35-$0.50 nge-kWh nganye ngexesha langokuhlwa kwencopho-iibhetri zigcina isizukulwana selanga esiphantsi ngexabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa ngokuhlwa kwangokuhlwa. Indlu esebenzisa i-8 kWh kwiibhetri ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo kwi-$ 0.35 / kWh endaweni yamandla egridi yonga i-$ 2.80 yonke imihla, iqokelela kwi-$ 84 ngenyanga. Umahluko wamaxabiso ubaluleke kakhulu; i-$ 0.25 esasazeka phakathi kwe-off-peak kunye ne-peak rates ithethelela utyalo-mali lwebhetri ngaphezulu kwe-0.10 ye-$.
Self-ukusebenzisa kakhuluinqanda ukuthengisa amandla elanga kwizinto eziluncedo ngexabiso elithotyiweyo. Ngaphandle kweebhetri, imveliso yelanga egqithileyo yasemini yasemini ithumela ngaphandle kwigridi. Ngaphantsi komgaqo-nkqubo we-NEM 3.0 yaseCalifornia, imbuyekezo yokuthumela ngaphandle yehle yaya kutsho kwi-$0.04-i-$0.08 nge-kWh nganye ngelixa izinga lokungenisa elizweni langokuhlwa lifikelele kwi-$0.45 nge-kWh nganye. Iibhetri ezithatha loo ntsalela ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuhlwa zizisa i-$0.37{12}}$0.41 nge-kWh nganye ngexabiso-kakuhle ka-5-10 umyinge wokuthumela ngaphandle. Amazwe anembuyekezo encitshisiweyo yokuthumela ngaphandle okanye akukho mitha yemitha konke konke zenza ukuba ukuzisebenzisela ngokwakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukunciphisa intlawulo yemfunouncedo lwezorhwebo kunye nabathengi abathile abahlala. Izinto eziluncedo zivavanya iintlawulo zemfuno ngokusekelwe kwincopho yokutsalwa kwamandla ngamaxesha okuhlawula, rhoqo i-$10-$20 ngekW yemfuno ephezulu. Ishishini elizoba ngokufutshane i-50 kW ukuqalisa izixhobo lijongene ne-$500-$1,000 kwiintlawulo zemfuno zenyanga. Ukukhupha iibhetri ngexesha lezi zincomo kunciphisa ukutsalwa kwegridi ephezulu, okunokuthi kucuthwe iindleko zemfuno ngama-40-70%. Ngelixa ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala, izinto eziluncedo ziyandisa iintlawulo zemfuno, nto leyo eyenza ukuba le nzuzo ibaluleke ngakumbi.
Indibaniselwano yezi ndlela imisela ukonga ngokupheleleyo. Imeko eqhelekileyo ibonisa iibhetri zingagcini nto phantsi kwe-intengiso yemitha yokuthengisa, $60-$100 ngenyanga phantsi kwexesha{5}}lo-amaxabiso okusebenzisa, kunye ne-$100-$180 ngenyanga phantsi kwembuyekezo yokuthumela ngaphandle ecuthiweyo edityaniswe nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwetyala.
Xa iibhetri zingaNciphisi amatyala ngokubonakalayo
Uqoqosho lokugcinwa kwebhetri yamandla elanga aluphumeleli kwiindawo ezithile eziluncedo ngaphandle kwamabango okuthengisa malunga nokugcinwa kwendawo yonke.
Full{0}}ukuthengiswa kwemitha yokulinganisakuphelisa inzuzo yemali yebhetri. I-New Jersey, i-Oregon, kunye neendawo zaseFlorida zithengiselwe kumazwe angaphandle kwi-solar ngexabiso elipheleleyo{1}}kwamaxabiso afanayo abathengi bahlawulela umbane wegridi. Ukuba iiphaneli zakho zenza i-900 kWh kodwa ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa i-850 kWh, izinto eziluncedo zinika i-50 kWh eyongezelelweyo kwintengiso epheleleyo ($7.50 nge-$0.15/kWh). Ukugcina loo mandla kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri yamandla elanga kunikezela ngexabiso elifanayo kuba uya kulisebenzisa ukunqanda ukuthenga amandla egridi ngesantya esifanayo. Ukongeza iibhetri zandisa amaxesha okuhlawula ukusuka kwiminyaka esixhenxe yesola yodwa ukuya kwi 12+ iminyaka ngeebhetri, kuphela kumandla okugcina imali kunokugcina.
Amaxabiso ombane -ezinga eliphezulukunye nokwahluka kwexesha elincinci linika amathuba arbitrage amancinci. Oomasibambisane basemaphandleni kunye nezinto eziluncedo zikamasipala zihlala zibiza iireyithi ezifanayo imini yonke. Xa amaxabiso aphezulu ahluka ukusuka -incopho nge $0.05 kuphela-$0.08 kWh nganye, ilahleko yokujikeleza kwebhetri{12}}ihambo esebenzayo (8-10%) idla ugcino olunokwenzeka. Ibhetri eyi-92% eyi-92% yogcino olululo kunye nokubuyisa amandla kwi- $0.06 yenethi yosasazo kuphela $0.01-$0.02 nge-kWh nganye emva kwelahleko esebenzayo-malunga ne-$10-$30 ngenyanga kumakhaya aqhelekileyo.
Amakhaya asebenzisa umbane kancincikunzima ukuthethelela iindleko zebhetri. Amakhaya asebenzisa i-500-700 kWh ngenyanga abona ukonga okulinganiselweyo okuncinci. Naphantsi kwexesha elilungileyo{4}}lo{14}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso okugcina i-$0.25 nge-kWh nganye, ukuhambisa i-15 kWh yonke imihla kugcino lwebhetri yamandla elanga kuvelisa i-$112 kuphela yokonga ngenyanga. Ngeenkqubo zebhetri ezibiza i-$ 8,000-$ 15,000, amaxesha okubuyisela alula ukuya kwi-15-20 iminyaka-esondela okanye edlula ixesha lewaranti yebhetri ye-10-15 iminyaka.
Iipateni zokuvelisa zamaxesha onyaka nazo zichaphazela ukonga. Emantla amazwe apho ilanga livelisa kakhulu ehlotyeni kodwa kancinci ebusika ubona iibhetri ezihleli zingasetyenziswanga 5-6 iinyanga ngonyaka. Oku kunciphisa ulondolozo olusebenzayo ngonyaka, ukwandisa amaxesha okubuyisela. Umninimzi waseVermont unokonga i-$100 ngenyanga kaJuni{7}}Agasti kodwa kuphela i-$20 ngenyanga kaDisemba{9}}Februwari, i-avareji ye-$50 ngenyanga unyaka wonke kunethiyori eyi-$100.
Uhlalutyo lwexabiso loLwakhiwo: Ukubala uLondolozo lwakho olunokubakho
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino lwebhetri yamandla elanga luyawanciphisa amatyala akho kufuna ukuba uqonde ubume bentlawulo yesixhobo sakho esithile.
Inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukuchonga uhlobo lwereyithi yakho.Hlaziya amatyala akutshanje ombane malunga "nexesha-lo{1}}lokusebenzisa," "incopho/yokucima{2}}incochoyi," "intlawulo yemfuno," okanye "i-net metering." Umtyali-zimali waseKhalifoniya{4}}izinto eziluncedo (PG&E, SCE, SDG&E) zisebenzisa i-Net Billing ngexesha eligqithileyo{5}}lo-lokusebenzisa usasazo. I-Texas inika iinketho ezahlukeneyo ngezinto eziluncedo ezibonelela ngexesha-lo{9}}izicwangciso zokusebenzisa eziquka i-${10}} yokwahluka komlinganiselo. Izinto eziluncedo zaseMassachusetts neNew York zidibanisa ixesha eliphakathi{12}}lo{13}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo yelanga. Qhagamshelana nezinto zakho eziluncedo okanye uphonononge iishedyuli ezipapashiweyo zexabiso ukuze uchonge ulwakhiwo lwakho lwangoku kunye nolukhoyo.
Inyathelo lesibini lilinganisa umahluko wexabiso.Bala umahluko phakathi kweereyithi eziphezulu nezisezantsi. Ngokucima -incopho kwi-$0.12/kWh kunye nencopho kwi-$0.38/kWh, ukusasazeka kwakho ku-$0.26/kWh{5}}okugqwesileyo kwiibhetri. I-$ 0.15 esasazekileyo (cimile{8}}incopho ye-$0.10, i-$ 0.25) isathethelela iibhetri. Ngaphantsi kwe-0.10 yeedola ezisasazwayo zenza iibhetri zibe ngumda ngokoqoqosho kugcino lwebhili yodwa. Khumbula ukwenza ingxelo ngokusebenza kwebhetri; phinda-phinda ukusasazeka kwakho ngo-0.90-0.92 ukuqikelela ukonga okushiyekileyo nge-kWh nganye ngebhetri.
Inyathelo lesithathu uqikelelo losetyenziso olutshintshayo.Jonga idatha yokusetyenziswa kweyure ukusuka kwiimitha ezihlakaniphile okanye ii-portal eziluncedo. Chonga ukuba ungakanani umbane owusebenzisayo ngexesha leeyure zombhobho onokuthi endaweni yoko unikezelwe kugcino lwebhetri yamandla elanga. Usapho olusebenzisa i-30 kWh yonke imihla kunye ne-40% esetyenzisiweyo ngeeyure ezi-4-zefestile eziphakamileyo zeyure (12 kWh) zidinga ubuncinci be-12 kWh umthamo webhetri ukuze igqunywe ngamandla. Ukunciphisa iibhetri ezingaphantsi kuthetha ukuphepha okungaphelelanga kwincopho, ngokulinganisela ukunciphisa ukonga. Ubukhulu obugqithisileyo bongeza iindleko zangaphambili ngaphandle kogcino olongezelelweyo ngaphandle kokuba ufumana ukucinywa kweentsuku ezininzi kufuna umthamo omkhulu wokulondoloza.
Inyathelo lesine libala ukonga kwenyanga.Phinda-phinda ukusetyenziswa kwencopho yemihla ngemihla okutshintshelwa kwiibhetri ngokwahluka komlinganiselo kunye neentsuku ngenyanga: (12 kWh × $0.26 × iintsuku ezingama-30=$93.60 ngenyanga). Thabatha imali mboleko yebhetri yenyanga okanye iintlawulo zokuqeshisa ukumisela ukonga okuseleyo. I-$12,000 yebhetri exhaswa ngemali kwiminyaka eyi-10 kwi-6% ixabisa i-$133 ngenyanga, oku kuthetha ukuba eli khaya lifumana ukungena kwemali embi ($93.60 - ${13}}$39.40) iminyaka esixhenxe nangona amatyala athotyiweyo. Ugcino luba luhle emva kwentlawulo yemali-mboleko.
Uhlalutyo lwezinga lokuthumela ngaphandleugqibezela umfanekiso. Amazwe aneemitha ezipheleleyo-zokuthengiswa okushiyekileyo azixhamli kwinyathelo lesine lokubala{2}}ezo kWh ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwintengiso epheleleyo ngefumene ixabiso elifanayo namandla agciniweyo. I-NEM 3.0 yaseCalifornia enemilinganiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle kwi-$0.05/kWh iguqula ubalo. I-kWh nganye egcinwe endaweni yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle igcina: (izinga eliphezulu lokurhweba ngaphandle - izinga lokuthumela ngaphandle) × kWh=($0.38 - $0.05) × 12 kWh=$3.96 yonke imihla okanye i-$119 ngenyanga{15}}iphezulu kakhulu kunexesha lodwa{16}}
Ubungakanani beNkqubo kunye neNgqwalasela yeendleko
Izigqibo zomthamo webhetri zichaphazela ngqo ukonga okunokwenzeka kunye neendleko zenkqubo.
Iibhetri zokuhlala ziqala kwi-9-15 kWh umthamo, ixabiso le-$5,000-$15,000 lifakiwe. I-Tesla Powerwall 3 inikezela nge-13.5 kWh kwi-$ 8,400- $ 9,300, i-Enphase IQ Battery 5P inikeza i-5 kWh kwi-$ 6,000-$ 7,500, kwaye i-LG Energy Solution inika i-16 kWh kwi-$ 11,000-$ 13,000. Umthamo omkhulu ubiza ngaphantsi nge-kWh-16 kWh yeebhetri ezikwi-avareji yeedola ezingama-750/kWh ngelixa iiyunithi ezi-5 zekWh zifikelela kwi-$1,300/kWh-kodwa umthamo wokuthenga awuyi kusebenzisa imali eyinkunkuma.
Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokulinganisa incopho yosetyenziso kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo.Usapho olusebenzisa i-40kWh yonke imihla ene-15kWh esetyenziswa kwiifestile eziziiyure ezi-5 incopho yefestile ifuna i-15 kWh ubuncinane bomthamo wokunqanda incopho epheleleyo. Ukufakela i-10 kWh kugubungela kuphela i-67% yosetyenziso oluphezulu, kunciphisa ugcino lwethiyori ukusuka kwi-$120 ukuya kwi-$80 ngenyanga. Ukufakela i-20 kWh kubonelela ngomthamo ogqithileyo osetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha lokucinywa okwandisiweyo, ukongeza i-$3,000-$5,000 yeendleko ngenzuzo encinci yokunciphisa ibhili.
Ixesha lokufakela lichaphazela kakhulu uqoqosho. Ukufaka iibhetri ngaxeshanye neepaneli zelanga kunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi 20-30% xa kuthelekiswa nokufakelwa kwakhona. Iimvume ezidityanisiweyo zibiza $800{22}}$1,500 ngokuchasene nemvume eyahlukileyo iyonke i-$1,200-$3,000. Umsebenzi wombane ugqitywe kanye kunokuba kabini ugcina i-$1,500-$3,000. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinda iminyaka eyi-1-2 ivumela amaxabiso okugcina ibhetri yamandla elanga ukuba anciphise-iindleko zehle i-40% ukusuka kwi-2023 ukuya kwi-2024, ukusuka kwi-$ 275 / kWh ukuya kwi-$ 165 / kWh nge-avareji. Olu rhwebo lufuna ukulungelelanisa ukonga ngokukhawuleza ngokuchasene nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
I-Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) inikezela nge-30% isaphulelo kwi-2032, yehla ukuya kwi-26% ngo-2033. I-$ 12,000 yebhetri inetha ye-3,600 emva, ukunciphisa iindleko ezisebenzayo kwi-8,400 yeedola. Iinkqubo zelizwe zongeza ixabiso: I-California's Self{10}}INkqubo yeNkuthazo yeGeneration ibonelela nge-$200-$1,000 nge-kWh nganye ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nengeniso, enokuba yi-$3,000-$15,000 yeenkqubo ze-15 kWh. Inkqubo yaseMassachusetts SMART ibonelela ngeeadders zokugcina, ukwandisa ukonga i-$ 0.03-$ 0.06 nge-kWh kwiminyaka eyi-10. Inkuthazo yebhetri yaseNew York ikhupha i-$250-$350 ngekWh nganye kwizaphulelo ezingaphambili. Inkuthazo edibeneyo ye-federal kunye ne-state inokunciphisa iindleko zizonke zebhetri i-40-60%, iphucula ngokumangalisayo ixesha lokubuyisela.
Okwenyani-iMizekelo yoGcino lweHlabathi kwiMizekeliso Eyohlukeneyo
Olona gcino luyohluka kakhulu ngokusekwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo eluncedo kunye neempawu zekhaya.
California NEM 3.0 indlu:Usapho lwaseSan Diego olune-10 kW yesixokelelwano selanga lwenza i-45 kWh yonke imihla, lusebenzisa i-35 kWh nge-18 kWh ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo (4-9 PM). Ngaphandle kwebhetri: i-10 kWh yasemini ye-surplus i-exports kwi-$0.05/kWh ifumana i-$0.50 yonke imihla, ukusetyenziswa kwangokuhlwa kutsala i-18 kWh kwigridi kwi-0.40/kWh ixabisa i-7.20 yeedola, iindleko zemihla ngemihla ze-$6.70. Ngebhetri ye-13.5 kWh: iivenkile ze-10 kWh zasemini zasemini kunye neentlawuliso ze-3.5 kWh ukusuka kwilanga lokuqala ukuya kwi-13.5 kWh imfuno ephezulu, ukunciphisa ukuthengwa kwegridi ukuya kwi-4.5 kWh kuxabisa i-$1.80. Ugcino lwemihla ngemihla: $4.90 okanye $147 ngenyanga. Ugcino lonyaka lwe-$1,764 thabatha i-$12 yenyanga yomrhumo wokujonga intlawulo ye-$1,620 ngonyaka. Ngeendleko ze-10,500 zenkqubo emva kwe-30% ye-ITC kunye ne-$ 2,700 ye-SGIP isaphulelo, ukubuyisela kwenzeka kwiminyaka eyi-6.5.
Ixesha laseTexas{0}lo{1}}lokusebenzisa ikhaya:Ikhaya laseDallas ngeXesha leTXU Energy{{0}lo-isicwangciso sokuSebenzisa sihlawula i-$0.13/kWh isaphulelo{3}}incopho (9 PM{16}}6 PM) kunye ne-$0.33/kWh incopho (6{26}}9 PM). Isixokelelwano selanga senza i-35kWh yonke imihla, ikhaya lisebenzisa i-28kWh kunye ne-10kWh ngexesha lokuphakama. Iibhetri zigcina i-10 kWh yelanga ukugubungela usetyenziso oluphezulu, ukuthintela intlawulo yegridi yemihla ngemihla eyi-$3.30. Ukusetyenziswa kwegridi ekwincopho yexabiso le-$1.30 yonke imihla endaweni yoko. Ukonga: I-$2.00 yonke imihla okanye i-$60 ngenyanga (i-$720 ngonyaka). Inkqubo ixabisa i-11,000 yeedola emva kwe-ITC, akukho nkxaso karhulumente ekhoyo, evelisa iminyaka eyi-15 yokubuyisela-umda inikwe iwaranti yebhetri ye-10-12.
I-New Jersey igcwele{0}}indlu yokuthengisa ngemitha yemitha:Usapho olune-8 kW solar lwenza i-30 kWh yonke imihla, lisebenzisa ama-27 kWh, luthumela ngaphandle i-3 kWh. Ireyithi yokuhlala eFlethi ye-$0.16/kWh ngonyaka{{6}umjikelezo. Ngaphandle kwebhetri: ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuzuza i-$ 0.48 yekhredithi yemihla ngemihla. Nge-$13,000 yebhetri (emva kwe-ITC): amandla agciniweyo asusa ukuthengwa kwegridi exabisa i-$0.16/kWh efanayo. Isiphumo: zero ugcino lwebhili eyongezelelweyo. Ibhetri ibonelela ngexabiso lamandla agcinwayo kuphela, nto leyo eyenza ulungelelwaniso lwezemali lubenzima ngaphandle kokuba kucinywe rhoqo okanye umninikhaya uxabise ukuzimela kwamandla angaphaya koqoqosho.
Imeko ye-Arizona hybrid:Indlu yasePhoenix kwi-APS Solar Partner ixesha-lo-lokusebenzisa isicwangciso kunye ne-$0.10/kWh isaphulelo esikhulu kakhulu{3}}incopho (10 AM-3 PM), $0.17/kWh off-incopho, $0.28/kWh kwi{15}}incopho (3-8 PM). Ilanga livelisa i-42 kWh yonke imihla, ikhaya lisebenzisa ama-38 kWh kunye ne-16 kWh ngexesha lesantya esiphezulu. Ibhetri ibamba i-14 kWh yelanga yasemini ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuhlwa, inciphisa ukuthengwa kwegridi ephezulu ukusuka kwi-16 kWh ukuya kwi-2 kWh. Ugcino: 14 kWh × $0.18 isasazeke=$2.52 yonke imihla okanye $76 ngenyanga. Ngeendleko ze-9,800 zenkqubo emva kwe-ITC kwaye akukho zikhuthazo zombuso, intlawulo yokubuyisela ifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-11. Ulondolozo oluphakathi luthethelela iibhetri kubaninimzi babeka phambili amandla agciniweyo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwetyala.
UbuCwangciso obuNqobileyo bokunyusa ukonga ibhetri
Ulawulo oluphucukileyo lwebhetri lonyusa ukonga ngaphaya kwentlawulo esisiseko{0}}kumjikelezo wokukhupha.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwesixhobo sombane esibonakalayo (VPP).yenza ingeniso kwiibhetri ngexesha leziganeko zoxinzelelo lwegridi. I-VPP kaTesla eCalifornia ihlawula abathathi-nxaxheba i-$ 2 nge-kWh nganye ekhutshwe ngexesha leziganeko eziphuthumayo, ngokuqhelekileyo 5{12}}iziganeko ezili-15 ngonyaka. Ibhetri ye-13.5 kWh ekhutshwe ngokupheleleyo amaxesha ali-10 ngonyaka ifumana i-$270. I-VPP yaseTexas ihlawula i-$100{13}}i-$400 ngonyaka ngokuvumela abaqhubi begridi ukuba bakhuphe iibhetri ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu. Inkqubo yeVermont Zisa IsiXhobo Sakho ibonelela ngeedola ezingama-850 zeentlawulo zonyaka. Ezi ntlawulo ziqokelelana ngaphezulu kogcino lwexesha lokusetyenziswa, ukuphucula uqoqosho nge-10-20%.
Ukutshintsha kwesicwangciso sexesha lonyakakwandisa ugcino kwiimarike ezinikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokhetho. Izinto eziluncedo zaseArizona zivumela abathengi ukuba batshintshe izicwangciso ngekota. Iinyanga zasebusika ezinenzuzo yokupholisa umoya kancinci kwiplani ethe tyaba -yemilinganiselo yokuthintela ixesha{3}}lo{4}}lokusebenzisa iintlawulo zenyanga, ngelixa iinyanga zasehlotyeni zithethelela ixesha{5}lo{6}}lokusebenzisa izicwangciso apho iibhetri zizisa ixabiso eliphezulu. Ugcino lonyaka lonyusa i-$200-$400 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka{11}}ixesha elijikelezayo{12}}lo{13}}lobhaliso lokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweebhetri ezisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwiinyanga ezinelanga elisezantsi.
Igridi yokutshaja kakuhleisebenza kwimimandla apho amaxabiso obusuku ehla ngaphantsi kweendleko zokuvelisa amandla elanga nge-kWh nganye (ngokuqhelekileyo i-$0.04-$0.05/kWh eyona ndleko yokuvelisa). Ukuba amaxabiso obusuku abetha i-$ 0.03 / kWh ngelixa amaxabiso aphezulu afikelela kwi-$ 0.40 / kWh, ukugcinwa kwebhetri yamandla elanga kunokuhlawula kwigridi yobusuku, ngokufanelekileyo ukuthenga amandla agcinwe kwi-$ 0.03 yokusetyenziswa ngexesha le-$ 0.40 i-peaks-netting $ 0.37 / kWh ixabiso. Esi sicwangciso sisebenza kuphela phantsi kweeyantlukwano zesantya esigqithileyo kwaye sidinga uqwalaselo ngononophelo njengoko ukukhwela ibhayisekile rhoqo kukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwebhetri.
Iinkqubo zeempendulo zemfunohlawulela ucutho lomthwalo ngexesha leziganeko ezichaziweyo{0}. Ezi zihluke kwiiVPP ngokugxila ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kunokukhutshwa kwebhetri ngokuthe ngqo. Iibhetri zivumela ukufaneleka kwezi nkqubo ngokuqinisekisa ukukhululeka kwekhaya ngaphandle kokuvala{3}izixhobo zokutsalwa eziphezulu ngexesha lemisitho. Iinkqubo zihlawula i-$ 75- $ 200 ngesiganeko ngasinye sokunciphisa umthwalo we-2-3 kW, kunye neziganeko ze-8-12 ngonyaka zizonke ze-$ 600-$ 2,400 yengeniso. Incopho yenkqubo ye-Ontario ye-peak perks yazisa i-150 yeedola ngonyaka kubathathi-nxaxheba kwi-2024, ngelixa i-Massachusetts' ConnectedSolutions ihlawula i-$ 225 nge-kW yomthamo ngonyaka.
Iindleko zoLondolozo kunye{0}}neNgqwalasela yeXabiso leXesha elide
Ubunini bebhetri bubandakanya iindleko eziqhubekayo ezichaphazela izibalo zogcino olushiyekileyo.
Iibhetri zale mihla zelithium-zifuna ugcino olungenaziro ngaphaya kohlaziyo lwekota lwe-firmware kunye nohlolo lonyaka lobuchwephesha oluxabisa i-$100{11}}i-$150. Ukhuseleko lwewaranti ludla ngokuthatha iminyaka eli-10 okanye imijikelo eyi-4,000-6,000 (70-80% yokugcinwa komthamo), okuthetha ukuba ukuhamba ngebhayisikile yonke imihla kufikelela kwimida yewaranti kwiminyaka eyi-11-16. Amaxabiso okubuyisela kwiminyaka eyi-10-15 emva kofakelo kusenokwenzeka ukuba abe ngaphantsi kwe-30-50% kunamaxabiso anamhlanje anikwe iindleko zokwehla, kuqikelelwa kwi-$4,000-$8,000 yeenkqubo ze-13.5 kWh.
Ukuthotywa kwebhetri kunciphisa ukonga ngokuhamba kwexesha. Inkqubo enikezela nge-120 yeedola zolondolozo lwenyanga ekuqaleni yehla ukuya kwi-$ 100 ngonyaka wesibhozo (ithatha i-85% yokugcina umthamo) kunye ne-$ 85 ngonyaka weshumi elinesibini (i-75% umthamo). Ngaphezulu kwe-15{9}}ubunini bonyaka, umndilili wogcino lwenyanga lunokuba yi-15-20% ngaphantsi komsebenzi wonyaka omnye. Imodeli yezemali eneenkcukacha kufuneka ithathe i-1.5-2% ngonyaka ukuhla kwamandla kuqikelelo lokonga.
Ithuba lexabiso lenkunzi lichaphazela imbuyekezo yokwenyani kutyalo-mali. Utyalo-mali lwebhetri eyi-$10,000 emva kwenkuthazo lunokufumana i-4-5% ngonyaka kutyalo-mali olunomngcipheko ophantsi, ovelisa i-$400-$500 yengeniso yonyaka yokungenzi nto. Iibhetri kufuneka zizise i-${8}} imali eyongiweyo yonyaka ukuze ihambelane nembuyekezo esisiseko. Iimeko ezininzi zibonisa iibhetri ezibuyisela kuphela i-720- $ 900 ye-$ 900 ngonyaka, utyalo-mali olugcinayo olusebenza kakuhle kodwa imbuyekezo yembali ye-stock market ye-8-10%.
Ixabiso lepropathi linyusa inxenye yeendleko zokunciphisa. ILabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLawrence Berkeley ifumene amakhaya anesola-kunye{2}}nendawo yokugcina ethengisa nge-3-4% yeentlawulo zenyanga xa kuthelekiswa nelanga{9}}kuphela amakhaya kwiimarike zaseCalifornia, iguqulela ukuya kwi-$15,000-$20,000 yamakhaya anexabiso eliphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, le primiyamu inokubonisa ukhetho lomthengi lwamandla okugcina imali endaweni yokubala ukonga imali, kwaye iyahluka kakhulu ngokwengingqi kunye neemeko zentengiso yezindlu nomhlaba.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba iibhetri zelanga zinciphisa amatyala kuwo onke amazwe?
Hayi. Ukuncitshiswa kwebhili kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulwakhiwo lwexabiso lenkonzo. Amazwe aneemitha ezipheleleyo-ezithengiswayo njengeNew Jersey kunye neendawo zaseFlorida zibona ugcino oluncinci olusuka kugcino lwebhetri yamandla elanga njengoko isola ethunyelwa ngaphandle ifumana ixabiso elipheleleyo lokuthengisa. Amazwe anexesha{{4}lo{5}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso okanye athotyiweyo imbuyekezo yokuthumela ngaphandle njengeCalifornia, Arizona, kunye neMassachusetts zizisa ugcino olukhulu. Jonga ishedyuli yexabiso lezinto eziluncedo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokulinganisa intsalela ukuze umisele ugcino lwasekuhlaleni olunokubakho.
Ndinokuthi ndonga malini ngokwenyani ngenyanga ngebhetri?
Ukugcinwa kwenyanga ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-180 yeedola ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Amakhaya anexesha-lo{4}}amaxabiso okusebenzisa i-avareji ye-15 kWh etshintshiweyo yonke imihla ngokuqhelekileyo gcina i-$60{13}}i-$100 ngenyanga. California NEM 3.0 amakhaya angafikelela $120-$180 ngenyanga. Iindawo ezinexabiso elithe tyaba okanye ukulinganisa ngemitha okugcweleyo kunokonga i-$0-$20 ngenyanga kwiibhetri zodwa. Abaninimzi abaphakathi kwilizwe lonke abanemilinganiselo encomekayo yonga i-$700-$1,100 ngonyaka ngokwedatha ye-EnergySage ka-2024.
Ngaba kufuneka ndithenge iibhetri ngeepaneli zam zelanga okanye ndilinde?
Faka kunye ukuba ufuna amandla okugcina ngokukhawuleza okanye ujongane nezikhuthazo ezibalaseleyo eziphelelwa kungekudala. Linda ukuba into oyisebenzisayo inemitha egcweleyo-yokurhweba, amaxabiso ebhetri aqhubeleka nokuhla ekuhlaleni, okanye iteknoloji entsha yebhetri iyakuthakazelisa kungekudala. Ukufakela kunye kugcina i-$2,000-$4,000 kwiindleko zokufakela ezidityanisiweyo kodwa ukulinda iminyaka eyi-1-2 kunokunciphisa amaxabiso ebhetri i-$2,000-$3,000 njengoko iindleko zehla nge-40% ukusuka kwi-2023 ukuya ku-2024.
Ngaba iibhetri ziya kuzihlawulela ngokwazo phambi kokuba zifune ukutshintshwa?
Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bolondolozo kunye neendleko zenkqubo. Amakhaya agcina i-${1}} intlawulo yenyanga nenyanga kwi-7-10 iminyaka kunye nenkuthazo, ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwe-10-15 yewaranti yeminyaka. Abo bagcina i-$ 30-$ 50 ngenyanga bajongana ne-15-20 ye-paybacks yonyaka, bebeka umngcipheko kwiindleko zokubuyisela ngaphambi kokufumana imbuyekezo efanelekileyo. Bala imbuyekezo yakho ethile usebenzisa uqikelelo lokwenene logcino kunye neendleko zenkqubo yasekuhlaleni kuquka zonke iinkuthazo ezikhoyo.
Ukwenza isiGqibo: Ngaba uGcino lwebhetri luLungile amatyala akho?
Ukugcinwa kwebhetri yamandla elanga kunciphisa amatyala kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile kodwa kunika ukonga okuncinci kwabanye. Impumelelo ifuna uvavanyo olunyanisekileyo kunezithembiso zokuthengisa.
Qwalasela iibhetri ikakhulu kucutho lwetyala ukuba unexesha-lo{1}}lokusebenzisa amaxabiso nge $0.20+ incopho yokwahluka, imbuyekezo yemitha ecuthiweyo engaphantsi kwe-$0.10/kWh, okanye incopho enkulu{4}}usetyenziso lweyure oludlula i-10 kWh yonke imihla. Ezi meko zihambisa i-$ 80- $ 150 yokonga inyanga nenyanga, ixhasa i-7-10 ye-paybacks yonyaka xa idibanisa inkuthazo ye-federal kunye ne-state. Yongeza ixabiso lebhetri ukuba indawo yakho isoloko iphelelwa ngamandla okanye ubeka phambili ukuzimela kwamandla ecaleni kwembuyekezo yemali.
Ziphephe iibhetri zokunciphisa amatyala kuphela ukuba unemitha egcweleyo-yevenkile ethengisa umbane, amaxabiso ombane acaba, usetyenziso oluphantsi lulonke ngaphantsi kwe-600 kWh ngenyanga, okanye i-peak/off{2}}incopho isasazeke ngaphantsi kwe-$0.10/kWh. Kwezi meko, iibhetri zandisa amaxesha okuhlawula ngaphaya kokhuseleko lwewaranti ngelixa zihambisa ugcino oluncinci. Ukuba amandla okugcina abalulekile, vuma ukuba uthenga ukuthembeka endaweni yokuphucula uqoqosho, okuhlala kusisigqibo esisemthethweni esisekwe kwizinto eziphambili zobuqu.
Cela uqikelelo oluneenkcukacha logcino kubafaki abaninzi usebenzisa amaxabiso akho oncedo kunye neepateni zokusebenzisa. Izindululo zomgangatho zibandakanya inyanga-nge{2}}uqikelelo lolondolozo lwenyanga olusekwe kwiishedyuli zomyinge woncedo lwakho, uqikelelo lokuthotywa, kunye nemigaqo yenkxaso-mali eyinyani. Zithintele izifakeli ezingakwaziyo ukunika uncedo{4}}ubalo oluthile okanye abo bathembisayo ngeepesenti zogcino ezifanayo nokuba yeyiphi na indawo{5}}ezi flegi zibomvu zibonisa ukuqondwa okulambathayo kolwakhiwo lomyinge olumisela uqoqosho lwebhetri lokwenyani.